Unraveling the ‘community effects’ of interventions against malaria endemicity: a systematic scoping review

Objectives There is an urgent need to maximise the effectiveness of existing malaria interventions and optimise the deployment of novel countermeasures. When assessing the effects of interventions against malaria, it is imperative to consider the interdependence of people and the resulting indirect...

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Main Authors: Jesse Gitaka, Wataru Kagaya, Akira Kaneko, Yura K Ko, Chim W Chan, Mariko Kanamori, Samuel M Mbugua, Alex K Rotich, Bernard N Kanoi, Mtakai Ngara
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2024-12-01
Series:BMJ Public Health
Online Access:https://bmjpublichealth.bmj.com/content/2/2/e001557.full
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author Jesse Gitaka
Wataru Kagaya
Akira Kaneko
Yura K Ko
Chim W Chan
Mariko Kanamori
Samuel M Mbugua
Alex K Rotich
Bernard N Kanoi
Mtakai Ngara
author_facet Jesse Gitaka
Wataru Kagaya
Akira Kaneko
Yura K Ko
Chim W Chan
Mariko Kanamori
Samuel M Mbugua
Alex K Rotich
Bernard N Kanoi
Mtakai Ngara
author_sort Jesse Gitaka
collection DOAJ
description Objectives There is an urgent need to maximise the effectiveness of existing malaria interventions and optimise the deployment of novel countermeasures. When assessing the effects of interventions against malaria, it is imperative to consider the interdependence of people and the resulting indirect effects. Without proper consideration of the effects, the interventions’ impact on health outcomes and their cost-effectiveness may be miscalculated. We aimed to summarise how the indirect effects of malaria interventions were analysed and reported.Design We conducted a scoping review.Data sources We searched PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE.Eligibility criteria We included studies that were conducted to quantify the indirect effects of any interventions for all species of Plasmodium infection.Data extraction and synthesis We used a standardised data collection form to obtain the following information from each record: title, name of authors, year of publication, region, country, study type, malaria parasite species, type of interventions, type of outcomes, separate estimated indirect effect for different conditions, pre-specified to measure indirect effect, secondary analysis of previous study, methods of indirect effects estimation, terms of indirect effects, and if positive or negative indirect effects observed.Results We retrieved 32 articles and observed a recent increase in both the number of reports and the variety of terms used to denote the indirect effects. We further classified nine categories of methods to identify the indirect effects in the existing literature and proposed making comparisons conditional on distance to account for mosquito flight range or intervention density within that range. Furthermore, we proposed using the words community effects or spillover effects as standardised terms for indirect effects and highlighted the potential benefits of mathematical models in estimating indirect effects.Conclusions Incorporating assessment of indirect effects in future trials and studies may provide insights to optimise the deployment of existing and new interventions, a critical pillar in the current fight against malaria globally.
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spelling doaj-art-1ceae0c92e904967bf51df3112ecb8e62025-08-20T01:56:53ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Public Health2753-42942024-12-012210.1136/bmjph-2024-001557Unraveling the ‘community effects’ of interventions against malaria endemicity: a systematic scoping reviewJesse Gitaka0Wataru Kagaya1Akira Kaneko2Yura K Ko3Chim W Chan4Mariko Kanamori5Samuel M Mbugua6Alex K Rotich7Bernard N Kanoi8Mtakai Ngara9Research and Innovation, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya4TMDU, Japan5Osaka City University, JapanDepartment of Virology, Tohoku University, Sendai, JapanDepartment of Virology and Parasitology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, JapanDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenCenter for Research in Infectious Diseases, Directorate of Research and Innovation, Mount Kenya University, Thika, KenyaCenter for Research in Infectious Diseases, Directorate of Research and Innovation, Mount Kenya University, Thika, KenyaCenter for Research in Infectious Diseases, Directorate of Research and Innovation, Mount Kenya University, Thika, KenyaDepartment of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, SwedenObjectives There is an urgent need to maximise the effectiveness of existing malaria interventions and optimise the deployment of novel countermeasures. When assessing the effects of interventions against malaria, it is imperative to consider the interdependence of people and the resulting indirect effects. Without proper consideration of the effects, the interventions’ impact on health outcomes and their cost-effectiveness may be miscalculated. We aimed to summarise how the indirect effects of malaria interventions were analysed and reported.Design We conducted a scoping review.Data sources We searched PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE.Eligibility criteria We included studies that were conducted to quantify the indirect effects of any interventions for all species of Plasmodium infection.Data extraction and synthesis We used a standardised data collection form to obtain the following information from each record: title, name of authors, year of publication, region, country, study type, malaria parasite species, type of interventions, type of outcomes, separate estimated indirect effect for different conditions, pre-specified to measure indirect effect, secondary analysis of previous study, methods of indirect effects estimation, terms of indirect effects, and if positive or negative indirect effects observed.Results We retrieved 32 articles and observed a recent increase in both the number of reports and the variety of terms used to denote the indirect effects. We further classified nine categories of methods to identify the indirect effects in the existing literature and proposed making comparisons conditional on distance to account for mosquito flight range or intervention density within that range. Furthermore, we proposed using the words community effects or spillover effects as standardised terms for indirect effects and highlighted the potential benefits of mathematical models in estimating indirect effects.Conclusions Incorporating assessment of indirect effects in future trials and studies may provide insights to optimise the deployment of existing and new interventions, a critical pillar in the current fight against malaria globally.https://bmjpublichealth.bmj.com/content/2/2/e001557.full
spellingShingle Jesse Gitaka
Wataru Kagaya
Akira Kaneko
Yura K Ko
Chim W Chan
Mariko Kanamori
Samuel M Mbugua
Alex K Rotich
Bernard N Kanoi
Mtakai Ngara
Unraveling the ‘community effects’ of interventions against malaria endemicity: a systematic scoping review
BMJ Public Health
title Unraveling the ‘community effects’ of interventions against malaria endemicity: a systematic scoping review
title_full Unraveling the ‘community effects’ of interventions against malaria endemicity: a systematic scoping review
title_fullStr Unraveling the ‘community effects’ of interventions against malaria endemicity: a systematic scoping review
title_full_unstemmed Unraveling the ‘community effects’ of interventions against malaria endemicity: a systematic scoping review
title_short Unraveling the ‘community effects’ of interventions against malaria endemicity: a systematic scoping review
title_sort unraveling the community effects of interventions against malaria endemicity a systematic scoping review
url https://bmjpublichealth.bmj.com/content/2/2/e001557.full
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