Diagnostic and prognostic role of 18F-FDG PET/CT for sarcomatoid differentiation in renal cell carcinoma

Abstract Background Sarcomatoid differentiation is an invasive dedifferentiated feature of tumor and associated with poor prognosis in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT in predicting sarcomatoid differentiation in RCC and its potential pr...

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Main Authors: Ritai Na, Zhao Chen, Yongshun Liu, Qianrui Chen, Qi Yang, Yongkang Qiu, Tianyao Wang, Lele Song, Sitong Wu, Wenpeng Huang, Xinyao Sun, Shaozhong Xian, Lei Kang
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Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-02-01
Series:EJNMMI Research
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13550-025-01206-w
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author Ritai Na
Zhao Chen
Yongshun Liu
Qianrui Chen
Qi Yang
Yongkang Qiu
Tianyao Wang
Lele Song
Sitong Wu
Wenpeng Huang
Xinyao Sun
Shaozhong Xian
Lei Kang
author_facet Ritai Na
Zhao Chen
Yongshun Liu
Qianrui Chen
Qi Yang
Yongkang Qiu
Tianyao Wang
Lele Song
Sitong Wu
Wenpeng Huang
Xinyao Sun
Shaozhong Xian
Lei Kang
author_sort Ritai Na
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Sarcomatoid differentiation is an invasive dedifferentiated feature of tumor and associated with poor prognosis in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT in predicting sarcomatoid differentiation in RCC and its potential prognostic value. Results This retrospective study assessed newly diagnosed sarcomatoid differentiation renal cell carcinoma (SDRCC) patients who were staged using 18F-FDG PET/CT. Patients were categorized into high-grade sarcomatoid differentiation RCC (HG-SDRCC), low-grade sarcomatoid differentiation RCC (LG-SDRCC), and non-sarcomatoid differentiation RCC (non-SDRCC). The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were compared. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed. SUVmax, MTV, TLG, and SUVmean values were significantly higher in SDRCC compared to non-SDRCC (P < 0.05). Additionally, SUVmax, TLG, and SUVmean were significantly higher in HG-SDRCC compared to non-HG-SDRCC (P < 0.05). ROC curves revealed that SUVmax and SUVmean were effective for distinguishing HG-SDRCC from non-HG-SDRCC. The log-rank test identified SUVmax > 11, MTV > 95, TLG > 500, SUVmean > 5.2, invasion of peripheral tissue and/or organs, and metastasis as risk factors for SDRCC patients. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analyses indicated that TLG > 500 was a risk factor for poor DFS, while SUVmax > 11 and SUVmean > 5.2 were risk factors for poor OS. Conclusions 18F-FDG PET/CT can effectively differentiate HG-SDRCC with more aggressive malignancy. The prognostic model developed in this study demonstrates that metabolic parameters, particularly TLG for DFS and SUVmax/SUVmean for OS, serve as more robust predictors of patient outcomes than the degree of sarcomatoid differentiation.
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spelling doaj-art-1cdbd5398902454b8e9207d0faeca5dd2025-08-20T02:15:18ZengSpringerOpenEJNMMI Research2191-219X2025-02-0115111310.1186/s13550-025-01206-wDiagnostic and prognostic role of 18F-FDG PET/CT for sarcomatoid differentiation in renal cell carcinomaRitai Na0Zhao Chen1Yongshun Liu2Qianrui Chen3Qi Yang4Yongkang Qiu5Tianyao Wang6Lele Song7Sitong Wu8Wenpeng Huang9Xinyao Sun10Shaozhong Xian11Lei Kang12Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First HospitalDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First HospitalDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First HospitalDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First HospitalDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First HospitalDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First HospitalDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First HospitalDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First HospitalDepartment of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University First HospitalDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First HospitalDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First HospitalDepartment of Urology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First HospitalAbstract Background Sarcomatoid differentiation is an invasive dedifferentiated feature of tumor and associated with poor prognosis in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT in predicting sarcomatoid differentiation in RCC and its potential prognostic value. Results This retrospective study assessed newly diagnosed sarcomatoid differentiation renal cell carcinoma (SDRCC) patients who were staged using 18F-FDG PET/CT. Patients were categorized into high-grade sarcomatoid differentiation RCC (HG-SDRCC), low-grade sarcomatoid differentiation RCC (LG-SDRCC), and non-sarcomatoid differentiation RCC (non-SDRCC). The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were compared. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed. SUVmax, MTV, TLG, and SUVmean values were significantly higher in SDRCC compared to non-SDRCC (P < 0.05). Additionally, SUVmax, TLG, and SUVmean were significantly higher in HG-SDRCC compared to non-HG-SDRCC (P < 0.05). ROC curves revealed that SUVmax and SUVmean were effective for distinguishing HG-SDRCC from non-HG-SDRCC. The log-rank test identified SUVmax > 11, MTV > 95, TLG > 500, SUVmean > 5.2, invasion of peripheral tissue and/or organs, and metastasis as risk factors for SDRCC patients. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analyses indicated that TLG > 500 was a risk factor for poor DFS, while SUVmax > 11 and SUVmean > 5.2 were risk factors for poor OS. Conclusions 18F-FDG PET/CT can effectively differentiate HG-SDRCC with more aggressive malignancy. The prognostic model developed in this study demonstrates that metabolic parameters, particularly TLG for DFS and SUVmax/SUVmean for OS, serve as more robust predictors of patient outcomes than the degree of sarcomatoid differentiation.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13550-025-01206-wSarcomatoid differentiationRenal cell carcinomaPET/CTDiagnosisPrognosis
spellingShingle Ritai Na
Zhao Chen
Yongshun Liu
Qianrui Chen
Qi Yang
Yongkang Qiu
Tianyao Wang
Lele Song
Sitong Wu
Wenpeng Huang
Xinyao Sun
Shaozhong Xian
Lei Kang
Diagnostic and prognostic role of 18F-FDG PET/CT for sarcomatoid differentiation in renal cell carcinoma
EJNMMI Research
Sarcomatoid differentiation
Renal cell carcinoma
PET/CT
Diagnosis
Prognosis
title Diagnostic and prognostic role of 18F-FDG PET/CT for sarcomatoid differentiation in renal cell carcinoma
title_full Diagnostic and prognostic role of 18F-FDG PET/CT for sarcomatoid differentiation in renal cell carcinoma
title_fullStr Diagnostic and prognostic role of 18F-FDG PET/CT for sarcomatoid differentiation in renal cell carcinoma
title_full_unstemmed Diagnostic and prognostic role of 18F-FDG PET/CT for sarcomatoid differentiation in renal cell carcinoma
title_short Diagnostic and prognostic role of 18F-FDG PET/CT for sarcomatoid differentiation in renal cell carcinoma
title_sort diagnostic and prognostic role of 18f fdg pet ct for sarcomatoid differentiation in renal cell carcinoma
topic Sarcomatoid differentiation
Renal cell carcinoma
PET/CT
Diagnosis
Prognosis
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13550-025-01206-w
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