Design and SAR Analysis of an AMC-Integrated Wearable Cavity-Backed SIW Antenna
Wearable communication technologies necessitate antenna designs that harmonize ergonomic compatibility, reliable performance, and minimal interaction with human tissues. However, high specific absorption rate (SAR) levels, limited radiation efficiency, and challenges in integration with flexible mat...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| author | Yathavi Thangavelu Balakumaran Thangaraju Rajagopal Maheswar |
| author_facet | Yathavi Thangavelu Balakumaran Thangaraju Rajagopal Maheswar |
| author_sort | Yathavi Thangavelu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wearable communication technologies necessitate antenna designs that harmonize ergonomic compatibility, reliable performance, and minimal interaction with human tissues. However, high specific absorption rate (SAR) levels, limited radiation efficiency, and challenges in integration with flexible materials have significantly constrained widespread deployment. To address these limitations, this manuscript introduces a novel wearable cavity-backed substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna augmented with artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structures. The proposed architecture is meticulously engineered using diverse textile substrates, including cotton, jeans, and jute, to synergistically integrate SIW and AMC technologies, mitigating body-induced performance degradation while ensuring safety and high radiation efficiency. The proposed design demonstrates significant performance enhancements, achieving SAR reductions to 0.672 W/kg on the spine and 0.341 W/kg on the forelimb for the cotton substrate. Furthermore, the AMC-backed implementation attains ultra-low reflection coefficients, as low as −26.56 dB, alongside a gain improvement of up to 1.37 dB, culminating in a total gain of 7.09 dBi. The impedance bandwidth exceeds the ISM band specifications, spanning 150 MHz (2.3–2.45 GHz). The design maintains remarkable resilience and operational stability under varying conditions, including dynamic bending and proximity to human body models. By substantially suppressing back radiation, enhancing directional gain, and preserving impedance matching, the AMC integration optimally adapts the antenna to body-centric communication scenarios. This study uniquely investigates the dielectric and mechanical properties of textile substrates within the AMC-SIW configuration, emphasizing their practicality for wearable applications. This research sets a precedent for wearable antenna innovation, achieving an unprecedented balance of flexibility, safety, and electromagnetic performance while establishing a foundation for next-generation wearable systems. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1cd87040e12f4f1bbf400a42b6443cbc |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj-art-1cd87040e12f4f1bbf400a42b6443cbc2025-08-20T02:57:02ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2024-12-011512153010.3390/mi15121530Design and SAR Analysis of an AMC-Integrated Wearable Cavity-Backed SIW AntennaYathavi Thangavelu0Balakumaran Thangaraju1Rajagopal Maheswar2Department of ECE, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore 641 014, IndiaDepartment of ECE, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore 641 014, IndiaDepartment of ECE, Centre for IoT and AI (CITI), KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641 407, IndiaWearable communication technologies necessitate antenna designs that harmonize ergonomic compatibility, reliable performance, and minimal interaction with human tissues. However, high specific absorption rate (SAR) levels, limited radiation efficiency, and challenges in integration with flexible materials have significantly constrained widespread deployment. To address these limitations, this manuscript introduces a novel wearable cavity-backed substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna augmented with artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structures. The proposed architecture is meticulously engineered using diverse textile substrates, including cotton, jeans, and jute, to synergistically integrate SIW and AMC technologies, mitigating body-induced performance degradation while ensuring safety and high radiation efficiency. The proposed design demonstrates significant performance enhancements, achieving SAR reductions to 0.672 W/kg on the spine and 0.341 W/kg on the forelimb for the cotton substrate. Furthermore, the AMC-backed implementation attains ultra-low reflection coefficients, as low as −26.56 dB, alongside a gain improvement of up to 1.37 dB, culminating in a total gain of 7.09 dBi. The impedance bandwidth exceeds the ISM band specifications, spanning 150 MHz (2.3–2.45 GHz). The design maintains remarkable resilience and operational stability under varying conditions, including dynamic bending and proximity to human body models. By substantially suppressing back radiation, enhancing directional gain, and preserving impedance matching, the AMC integration optimally adapts the antenna to body-centric communication scenarios. This study uniquely investigates the dielectric and mechanical properties of textile substrates within the AMC-SIW configuration, emphasizing their practicality for wearable applications. This research sets a precedent for wearable antenna innovation, achieving an unprecedented balance of flexibility, safety, and electromagnetic performance while establishing a foundation for next-generation wearable systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/15/12/1530wearable antennasubstrate integrated waveguideartificial magnetic conductorspecific absorption ratetextile antennawearable antenna |
| spellingShingle | Yathavi Thangavelu Balakumaran Thangaraju Rajagopal Maheswar Design and SAR Analysis of an AMC-Integrated Wearable Cavity-Backed SIW Antenna Micromachines wearable antenna substrate integrated waveguide artificial magnetic conductor specific absorption rate textile antenna wearable antenna |
| title | Design and SAR Analysis of an AMC-Integrated Wearable Cavity-Backed SIW Antenna |
| title_full | Design and SAR Analysis of an AMC-Integrated Wearable Cavity-Backed SIW Antenna |
| title_fullStr | Design and SAR Analysis of an AMC-Integrated Wearable Cavity-Backed SIW Antenna |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design and SAR Analysis of an AMC-Integrated Wearable Cavity-Backed SIW Antenna |
| title_short | Design and SAR Analysis of an AMC-Integrated Wearable Cavity-Backed SIW Antenna |
| title_sort | design and sar analysis of an amc integrated wearable cavity backed siw antenna |
| topic | wearable antenna substrate integrated waveguide artificial magnetic conductor specific absorption rate textile antenna wearable antenna |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/15/12/1530 |
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