In Vitro Structure–Activity Relationship Stability Study of Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapeutics Using Biological Matrices and Nucleases

ABSTRACT The primary degradation pathway for antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) involves endonuclease and exonuclease‐mediated breakdown. The effect of various chemical modifications on the stability of oligonucleotides has not been systematically investigated. The aim of this study was to develop in...

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Main Authors: Jelena Lovrić, Jingjing Yan, XueQing Li, Tony Karlsborn, Mattias Bood, Anders Dahlén, Constanze Hilgendorf, Deepak Kumar Bhatt
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-06-01
Series:Pharmacology Research & Perspectives
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/prp2.70096
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author Jelena Lovrić
Jingjing Yan
XueQing Li
Tony Karlsborn
Mattias Bood
Anders Dahlén
Constanze Hilgendorf
Deepak Kumar Bhatt
author_facet Jelena Lovrić
Jingjing Yan
XueQing Li
Tony Karlsborn
Mattias Bood
Anders Dahlén
Constanze Hilgendorf
Deepak Kumar Bhatt
author_sort Jelena Lovrić
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT The primary degradation pathway for antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) involves endonuclease and exonuclease‐mediated breakdown. The effect of various chemical modifications on the stability of oligonucleotides has not been systematically investigated. The aim of this study was to develop in vitro assays to predict in vivo metabolism of ASOs. Stability studies of ASOs with varying phosphorothioate/phosphodiester (PS/PO) content were conducted using nucleolytic matrices (snake venom 3′‐exonuclease phosphodiesterase I [PDEI], mouse serum, and mouse liver homogenate) and analyzed by gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and mass spectrometry detection (LC‐UV/MS). Both sequence composition and backbone chemistry play important roles in influencing the stability of ASOs. Nucleolytic sensitivity observed with PDEI and mouse serum shows that ASOs with one PO modification in the backbone have higher stability than ASOs having two or three PO links, and with a lower PO content, the sequence has a larger influence on stability. Furthermore, the impact of a 5‐methylcytidine nucleoside (MeC) on stability was observed. When the PO link was located after MeC (from 3′ end), resistance toward nuclease hydrolysis increased, while the PO modification being before MeC had no protective effect. Employing nucleases and comparing stability data with matrices of animal origin holds promise for a future fast‐track assessment of drug stability, enabling the efficient selection of optimal drug candidates for subsequent in vivo studies.
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spelling doaj-art-1cd34f7147cc451bbb571e20293c603d2025-08-20T02:39:32ZengWileyPharmacology Research & Perspectives2052-17072025-06-01133n/an/a10.1002/prp2.70096In Vitro Structure–Activity Relationship Stability Study of Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapeutics Using Biological Matrices and NucleasesJelena Lovrić0Jingjing Yan1XueQing Li2Tony Karlsborn3Mattias Bood4Anders Dahlén5Constanze Hilgendorf6Deepak Kumar Bhatt7DMPK, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca Gothenburg SwedenDMPK, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca Gothenburg SwedenDMPK, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca Gothenburg SwedenDMPK, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca Gothenburg SwedenCell, Gene and RNA Therapeutics, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca Gothenburg SwedenCell, Gene and RNA Therapeutics, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca Gothenburg SwedenDMPK, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca Gothenburg SwedenDMPK, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca Gothenburg SwedenABSTRACT The primary degradation pathway for antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) involves endonuclease and exonuclease‐mediated breakdown. The effect of various chemical modifications on the stability of oligonucleotides has not been systematically investigated. The aim of this study was to develop in vitro assays to predict in vivo metabolism of ASOs. Stability studies of ASOs with varying phosphorothioate/phosphodiester (PS/PO) content were conducted using nucleolytic matrices (snake venom 3′‐exonuclease phosphodiesterase I [PDEI], mouse serum, and mouse liver homogenate) and analyzed by gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and mass spectrometry detection (LC‐UV/MS). Both sequence composition and backbone chemistry play important roles in influencing the stability of ASOs. Nucleolytic sensitivity observed with PDEI and mouse serum shows that ASOs with one PO modification in the backbone have higher stability than ASOs having two or three PO links, and with a lower PO content, the sequence has a larger influence on stability. Furthermore, the impact of a 5‐methylcytidine nucleoside (MeC) on stability was observed. When the PO link was located after MeC (from 3′ end), resistance toward nuclease hydrolysis increased, while the PO modification being before MeC had no protective effect. Employing nucleases and comparing stability data with matrices of animal origin holds promise for a future fast‐track assessment of drug stability, enabling the efficient selection of optimal drug candidates for subsequent in vivo studies.https://doi.org/10.1002/prp2.70096ASOmetabolic stabilitynuclease
spellingShingle Jelena Lovrić
Jingjing Yan
XueQing Li
Tony Karlsborn
Mattias Bood
Anders Dahlén
Constanze Hilgendorf
Deepak Kumar Bhatt
In Vitro Structure–Activity Relationship Stability Study of Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapeutics Using Biological Matrices and Nucleases
Pharmacology Research & Perspectives
ASO
metabolic stability
nuclease
title In Vitro Structure–Activity Relationship Stability Study of Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapeutics Using Biological Matrices and Nucleases
title_full In Vitro Structure–Activity Relationship Stability Study of Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapeutics Using Biological Matrices and Nucleases
title_fullStr In Vitro Structure–Activity Relationship Stability Study of Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapeutics Using Biological Matrices and Nucleases
title_full_unstemmed In Vitro Structure–Activity Relationship Stability Study of Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapeutics Using Biological Matrices and Nucleases
title_short In Vitro Structure–Activity Relationship Stability Study of Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapeutics Using Biological Matrices and Nucleases
title_sort in vitro structure activity relationship stability study of antisense oligonucleotide therapeutics using biological matrices and nucleases
topic ASO
metabolic stability
nuclease
url https://doi.org/10.1002/prp2.70096
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