The effects of cognitive-motor multitasking demands on the quality of chest compressions in CPR—A randomized controlled trial
BackgroundIn standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), rescuers switch between ventilation and chest compressions. We examined the effect of this task-switching requirement on chest-compression quality to gain insights into the cognitive mechanisms underlying performance in standard CPR. Underst...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1536796/full |
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| author | Patricia Hirsch Kim Pears Martin Klasen Christoph Kiefer Iring Koch Saša Sopka Saša Sopka |
| author_facet | Patricia Hirsch Kim Pears Martin Klasen Christoph Kiefer Iring Koch Saša Sopka Saša Sopka |
| author_sort | Patricia Hirsch |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundIn standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), rescuers switch between ventilation and chest compressions. We examined the effect of this task-switching requirement on chest-compression quality to gain insights into the cognitive mechanisms underlying performance in standard CPR. Understanding these mechanisms can help in the development of evidence-based practical implications and cognitive aids for CPR.MethodsA total of 300 first-year medical and dentistry students (212 females, 20.2 ± 4.4 years) participated in this randomized controlled trial. They received either a CPR training comprising both chest compressions and ventilation (standard CPR) or a CPR training comprising chest compressions only (chest-compression-only CPR). Chest-compression quality (compression depth and rate) was measured via a resuscitation manikin and analyzed using linear mixed models and linear trend analyses.ResultsOverall, chest-compression quality did not differ across standard CPR and chest-compression-only CPR. However, in standard CPR, compression quality was better after ventilation than before ventilation. Importantly, ventilation impaired the quality of the compressions executed immediately after ventilation, but the quality increased with each compression after ventilation, resulting in a better chest-compression quality after ventilation than before it.ConclusionsThis study suggests that ventilation acts as a break, improving physical capability, which in turn enhances compressions after ventilation. However, at the same time, ventilation causes a task switch which increases cognitive demands and impairs chest-compression quality immediately after ventilation. Considering the negative effect of the task-switching demand on chest-compression quality, it is useful to develop cognitive aids for professional medical care. Such cognitive aids can signal an upcoming switch to ventilation, thereby reducing the multitasking load in terms of reduced monitoring demands with respect to the number of chest compressions that have already been executed. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1cd24d8ce74a4eb89dfb84554a06f50d |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2296-858X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-1cd24d8ce74a4eb89dfb84554a06f50d2025-08-20T02:43:49ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2025-02-011210.3389/fmed.2025.15367961536796The effects of cognitive-motor multitasking demands on the quality of chest compressions in CPR—A randomized controlled trialPatricia Hirsch0Kim Pears1Martin Klasen2Christoph Kiefer3Iring Koch4Saša Sopka5Saša Sopka6Department of Cognitive and Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, GermanyInterdisciplinary Training Center for Medical Education and Patient Safety—AIXTRA, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, GermanyInterdisciplinary Training Center for Medical Education and Patient Safety—AIXTRA, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, GermanyDepartment of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, GermanyDepartment of Cognitive and Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, GermanyInterdisciplinary Training Center for Medical Education and Patient Safety—AIXTRA, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, GermanyDepartment of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, GermanyBackgroundIn standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), rescuers switch between ventilation and chest compressions. We examined the effect of this task-switching requirement on chest-compression quality to gain insights into the cognitive mechanisms underlying performance in standard CPR. Understanding these mechanisms can help in the development of evidence-based practical implications and cognitive aids for CPR.MethodsA total of 300 first-year medical and dentistry students (212 females, 20.2 ± 4.4 years) participated in this randomized controlled trial. They received either a CPR training comprising both chest compressions and ventilation (standard CPR) or a CPR training comprising chest compressions only (chest-compression-only CPR). Chest-compression quality (compression depth and rate) was measured via a resuscitation manikin and analyzed using linear mixed models and linear trend analyses.ResultsOverall, chest-compression quality did not differ across standard CPR and chest-compression-only CPR. However, in standard CPR, compression quality was better after ventilation than before ventilation. Importantly, ventilation impaired the quality of the compressions executed immediately after ventilation, but the quality increased with each compression after ventilation, resulting in a better chest-compression quality after ventilation than before it.ConclusionsThis study suggests that ventilation acts as a break, improving physical capability, which in turn enhances compressions after ventilation. However, at the same time, ventilation causes a task switch which increases cognitive demands and impairs chest-compression quality immediately after ventilation. Considering the negative effect of the task-switching demand on chest-compression quality, it is useful to develop cognitive aids for professional medical care. Such cognitive aids can signal an upcoming switch to ventilation, thereby reducing the multitasking load in terms of reduced monitoring demands with respect to the number of chest compressions that have already been executed.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1536796/fullresuscitationcardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)chest compression qualitymultitaskingtask switching |
| spellingShingle | Patricia Hirsch Kim Pears Martin Klasen Christoph Kiefer Iring Koch Saša Sopka Saša Sopka The effects of cognitive-motor multitasking demands on the quality of chest compressions in CPR—A randomized controlled trial Frontiers in Medicine resuscitation cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) chest compression quality multitasking task switching |
| title | The effects of cognitive-motor multitasking demands on the quality of chest compressions in CPR—A randomized controlled trial |
| title_full | The effects of cognitive-motor multitasking demands on the quality of chest compressions in CPR—A randomized controlled trial |
| title_fullStr | The effects of cognitive-motor multitasking demands on the quality of chest compressions in CPR—A randomized controlled trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effects of cognitive-motor multitasking demands on the quality of chest compressions in CPR—A randomized controlled trial |
| title_short | The effects of cognitive-motor multitasking demands on the quality of chest compressions in CPR—A randomized controlled trial |
| title_sort | effects of cognitive motor multitasking demands on the quality of chest compressions in cpr a randomized controlled trial |
| topic | resuscitation cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) chest compression quality multitasking task switching |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1536796/full |
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