Examination of the spatial-temporal variations in terrestrial water reserves and green efficiency of water resources in China's three northeastern provinces.

Using technological advancements and analyzing urban water consumption patterns, this article employs GRACE satellite data and statistical records to conduct a comprehensive assessment and evaluation of water resource utilization efficiency across 34 prefecture-level cities in China's three nor...

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Main Authors: Yanying Wang, Xianzhi Wang, Longxue Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0328674
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author Yanying Wang
Xianzhi Wang
Longxue Zhao
author_facet Yanying Wang
Xianzhi Wang
Longxue Zhao
author_sort Yanying Wang
collection DOAJ
description Using technological advancements and analyzing urban water consumption patterns, this article employs GRACE satellite data and statistical records to conduct a comprehensive assessment and evaluation of water resource utilization efficiency across 34 prefecture-level cities in China's three northeastern provinces-Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang-over the period spanning from 2003 to 2020. By utilizing the sophisticated Super-SBM model, the study delves into the spatial and temporal variations in terrestrial water reserves and green water usage efficiency. Additionally, the Tobit model is introduced to investigate the influencing factors of water resource utilization efficiency. The primary findings of the study are outlined below: The spatial distribution of terrestrial water resources in the three northeastern provinces reveals a clear north-south gradient, with abundant resources in the northern regions and scarcity in the southern parts. Seasonal fluctuations, albeit present, are relatively modest, with higher water storage levels typically observed in spring and summer, and lower levels in autumn and winter. Regarding the static water use efficiency among the 34 prefecture-level cities, Panjin stands out with the highest efficiency, whereas Qiqihar ranks lowest. Notably, 91.18% of the cities exhibit medium to high efficiency levels, reflecting commendable performance in water utilization throughout the region. Almost half of the cities have experienced an improvement in their water use efficiency compared to the previous year, signaling a gradual enhancement in water utilization capabilities. The average total factor productivity across the three northeastern provinces stands at 1.012, representing an annual growth rate of 1.2%. The efficiency of water resource utilization in these provinces is intricately linked to the technological progress index. To enhance water resource utilization efficiency, it is imperative to introduce advanced technologies, increase research investments, and foster technological advancements.
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spelling doaj-art-1cc9df64caa340aaa78e7ed701e51f462025-08-20T02:55:21ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01208e032867410.1371/journal.pone.0328674Examination of the spatial-temporal variations in terrestrial water reserves and green efficiency of water resources in China's three northeastern provinces.Yanying WangXianzhi WangLongxue ZhaoUsing technological advancements and analyzing urban water consumption patterns, this article employs GRACE satellite data and statistical records to conduct a comprehensive assessment and evaluation of water resource utilization efficiency across 34 prefecture-level cities in China's three northeastern provinces-Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang-over the period spanning from 2003 to 2020. By utilizing the sophisticated Super-SBM model, the study delves into the spatial and temporal variations in terrestrial water reserves and green water usage efficiency. Additionally, the Tobit model is introduced to investigate the influencing factors of water resource utilization efficiency. The primary findings of the study are outlined below: The spatial distribution of terrestrial water resources in the three northeastern provinces reveals a clear north-south gradient, with abundant resources in the northern regions and scarcity in the southern parts. Seasonal fluctuations, albeit present, are relatively modest, with higher water storage levels typically observed in spring and summer, and lower levels in autumn and winter. Regarding the static water use efficiency among the 34 prefecture-level cities, Panjin stands out with the highest efficiency, whereas Qiqihar ranks lowest. Notably, 91.18% of the cities exhibit medium to high efficiency levels, reflecting commendable performance in water utilization throughout the region. Almost half of the cities have experienced an improvement in their water use efficiency compared to the previous year, signaling a gradual enhancement in water utilization capabilities. The average total factor productivity across the three northeastern provinces stands at 1.012, representing an annual growth rate of 1.2%. The efficiency of water resource utilization in these provinces is intricately linked to the technological progress index. To enhance water resource utilization efficiency, it is imperative to introduce advanced technologies, increase research investments, and foster technological advancements.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0328674
spellingShingle Yanying Wang
Xianzhi Wang
Longxue Zhao
Examination of the spatial-temporal variations in terrestrial water reserves and green efficiency of water resources in China's three northeastern provinces.
PLoS ONE
title Examination of the spatial-temporal variations in terrestrial water reserves and green efficiency of water resources in China's three northeastern provinces.
title_full Examination of the spatial-temporal variations in terrestrial water reserves and green efficiency of water resources in China's three northeastern provinces.
title_fullStr Examination of the spatial-temporal variations in terrestrial water reserves and green efficiency of water resources in China's three northeastern provinces.
title_full_unstemmed Examination of the spatial-temporal variations in terrestrial water reserves and green efficiency of water resources in China's three northeastern provinces.
title_short Examination of the spatial-temporal variations in terrestrial water reserves and green efficiency of water resources in China's three northeastern provinces.
title_sort examination of the spatial temporal variations in terrestrial water reserves and green efficiency of water resources in china s three northeastern provinces
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0328674
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AT xianzhiwang examinationofthespatialtemporalvariationsinterrestrialwaterreservesandgreenefficiencyofwaterresourcesinchinasthreenortheasternprovinces
AT longxuezhao examinationofthespatialtemporalvariationsinterrestrialwaterreservesandgreenefficiencyofwaterresourcesinchinasthreenortheasternprovinces