The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and Neurological Disorders: A Comprehensive Review
Microbes have inhabited the earth for hundreds of millions of years longer than humans. The microbiota–gut–brain axis (MGBA) represents a bidirectional communication pathway. These communications occur between the central nervous system (CNS), the enteric nervous system (ENS), and the emotional and...
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2024-09-01
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| author | Mohammed M. Nakhal Lidya K. Yassin Rana Alyaqoubi Sara Saeed Alreem Alderei Alya Alhammadi Mirah Alshehhi Afra Almehairbi Shaikha Al Houqani Shamsa BaniYas Haia Qanadilo Bassam R. Ali Safa Shehab Yauhen Statsenko Sarah Meribout Bassem Sadek Amal Akour Mohammad I. K. Hamad |
| author_facet | Mohammed M. Nakhal Lidya K. Yassin Rana Alyaqoubi Sara Saeed Alreem Alderei Alya Alhammadi Mirah Alshehhi Afra Almehairbi Shaikha Al Houqani Shamsa BaniYas Haia Qanadilo Bassam R. Ali Safa Shehab Yauhen Statsenko Sarah Meribout Bassem Sadek Amal Akour Mohammad I. K. Hamad |
| author_sort | Mohammed M. Nakhal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Microbes have inhabited the earth for hundreds of millions of years longer than humans. The microbiota–gut–brain axis (MGBA) represents a bidirectional communication pathway. These communications occur between the central nervous system (CNS), the enteric nervous system (ENS), and the emotional and cognitive centres of the brain. The field of research on the gut–brain axis has grown significantly during the past two decades. Signalling occurs between the gut microbiota and the brain through the neural, endocrine, immune, and humoral pathways. A substantial body of evidence indicates that the MGBA plays a pivotal role in various neurological diseases. These include Alzheimer’s disease (AD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Rett syndrome, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), non-Alzheimer’s neurodegeneration and dementias, fronto-temporal lobe dementia (FTLD), Wilson–Konovalov disease (WD), multisystem atrophy (MSA), Huntington’s chorea (HC), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), depression, and schizophrenia (SCZ). Furthermore, the bidirectional correlation between therapeutics and the gut–brain axis will be discussed. Conversely, the mood of delivery, exercise, psychotropic agents, stress, and neurologic drugs can influence the MGBA. By understanding the MGBA, it may be possible to facilitate research into microbial-based interventions and therapeutic strategies for neurological diseases. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1cbd259429a947acbfe99f0e09b54170 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj-art-1cbd259429a947acbfe99f0e09b541702025-08-20T02:10:54ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292024-09-011410123410.3390/life14101234The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and Neurological Disorders: A Comprehensive ReviewMohammed M. Nakhal0Lidya K. Yassin1Rana Alyaqoubi2Sara Saeed3Alreem Alderei4Alya Alhammadi5Mirah Alshehhi6Afra Almehairbi7Shaikha Al Houqani8Shamsa BaniYas9Haia Qanadilo10Bassam R. Ali11Safa Shehab12Yauhen Statsenko13Sarah Meribout14Bassem Sadek15Amal Akour16Mohammad I. K. Hamad17Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab EmiratesInternal Medicine Department, Maimonides Medical Center, New York, NY 11219, USADepartment of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Bo Box 15551, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Bo Box 15551, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab EmiratesMicrobes have inhabited the earth for hundreds of millions of years longer than humans. The microbiota–gut–brain axis (MGBA) represents a bidirectional communication pathway. These communications occur between the central nervous system (CNS), the enteric nervous system (ENS), and the emotional and cognitive centres of the brain. The field of research on the gut–brain axis has grown significantly during the past two decades. Signalling occurs between the gut microbiota and the brain through the neural, endocrine, immune, and humoral pathways. A substantial body of evidence indicates that the MGBA plays a pivotal role in various neurological diseases. These include Alzheimer’s disease (AD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Rett syndrome, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), non-Alzheimer’s neurodegeneration and dementias, fronto-temporal lobe dementia (FTLD), Wilson–Konovalov disease (WD), multisystem atrophy (MSA), Huntington’s chorea (HC), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), depression, and schizophrenia (SCZ). Furthermore, the bidirectional correlation between therapeutics and the gut–brain axis will be discussed. Conversely, the mood of delivery, exercise, psychotropic agents, stress, and neurologic drugs can influence the MGBA. By understanding the MGBA, it may be possible to facilitate research into microbial-based interventions and therapeutic strategies for neurological diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/10/1234microbiotamicrobiota–gut–brain axispsychotropic agentsneurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases |
| spellingShingle | Mohammed M. Nakhal Lidya K. Yassin Rana Alyaqoubi Sara Saeed Alreem Alderei Alya Alhammadi Mirah Alshehhi Afra Almehairbi Shaikha Al Houqani Shamsa BaniYas Haia Qanadilo Bassam R. Ali Safa Shehab Yauhen Statsenko Sarah Meribout Bassem Sadek Amal Akour Mohammad I. K. Hamad The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and Neurological Disorders: A Comprehensive Review Life microbiota microbiota–gut–brain axis psychotropic agents neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases |
| title | The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and Neurological Disorders: A Comprehensive Review |
| title_full | The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and Neurological Disorders: A Comprehensive Review |
| title_fullStr | The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and Neurological Disorders: A Comprehensive Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and Neurological Disorders: A Comprehensive Review |
| title_short | The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and Neurological Disorders: A Comprehensive Review |
| title_sort | microbiota gut brain axis and neurological disorders a comprehensive review |
| topic | microbiota microbiota–gut–brain axis psychotropic agents neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/10/1234 |
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