Wave Prediction Error Compensation and PTO Optimization Control Method for Improving the WEC Power Quality

Reliable wave prediction plays a significant role in wave energy converter (WEC) research, but there are still prediction errors that would increase the uncertainty for the power grid and reduce the power quality. The efficiency and stability of the power take-off (PTO) system are also important res...

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Main Authors: Tianlong Lan, Jiarui Wang, Luliang He, Peng Qian, Dahai Zhang, Bo Feng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Energies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/15/4043
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author Tianlong Lan
Jiarui Wang
Luliang He
Peng Qian
Dahai Zhang
Bo Feng
author_facet Tianlong Lan
Jiarui Wang
Luliang He
Peng Qian
Dahai Zhang
Bo Feng
author_sort Tianlong Lan
collection DOAJ
description Reliable wave prediction plays a significant role in wave energy converter (WEC) research, but there are still prediction errors that would increase the uncertainty for the power grid and reduce the power quality. The efficiency and stability of the power take-off (PTO) system are also important research topics in WEC applications. In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, this paper presents a model predictive control (MPC) method composed of a prediction error compensation controller and a PTO optimization controller. This work aims to address the limitations of existing wave prediction methods and improve the efficiency and stability of hydraulic PTO systems in WECs. By controlling the charging and discharging of the accumulator, the power quality is enhanced by reducing grid frequency fluctuations and voltage flicker through prediction error compensation. In addition, an efficient and stable hydraulic PTO system can be obtained by keeping the operation pressure of the hydraulic motor at the optimal range. Thus, smoother power output minimizes grid-balancing penalties and storage wear, and stable hydraulic pressure extends PTO component lifespan. Finally, comparative numerical simulation studies are provided to show the efficacy of the proposed method. The results validate that the dual-controller MPC framework reduces power deviations by 74.3% and increases average power generation by 31% compared to the traditional method.
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spelling doaj-art-1cbd0e2ccc5c46bdb22122777f6553be2025-08-20T03:02:48ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-07-011815404310.3390/en18154043Wave Prediction Error Compensation and PTO Optimization Control Method for Improving the WEC Power QualityTianlong Lan0Jiarui Wang1Luliang He2Peng Qian3Dahai Zhang4Bo Feng5State Key Laboratory of Ocean Sensing, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ocean Sensing, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, ChinaHangzhou Applied Acoustics Research Institute, Hangzhou 310012, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ocean Sensing, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ocean Sensing, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ocean Sensing, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, ChinaReliable wave prediction plays a significant role in wave energy converter (WEC) research, but there are still prediction errors that would increase the uncertainty for the power grid and reduce the power quality. The efficiency and stability of the power take-off (PTO) system are also important research topics in WEC applications. In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, this paper presents a model predictive control (MPC) method composed of a prediction error compensation controller and a PTO optimization controller. This work aims to address the limitations of existing wave prediction methods and improve the efficiency and stability of hydraulic PTO systems in WECs. By controlling the charging and discharging of the accumulator, the power quality is enhanced by reducing grid frequency fluctuations and voltage flicker through prediction error compensation. In addition, an efficient and stable hydraulic PTO system can be obtained by keeping the operation pressure of the hydraulic motor at the optimal range. Thus, smoother power output minimizes grid-balancing penalties and storage wear, and stable hydraulic pressure extends PTO component lifespan. Finally, comparative numerical simulation studies are provided to show the efficacy of the proposed method. The results validate that the dual-controller MPC framework reduces power deviations by 74.3% and increases average power generation by 31% compared to the traditional method.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/15/4043wave energyMPCprediction error compensationpower qualityPTO efficiency and stability
spellingShingle Tianlong Lan
Jiarui Wang
Luliang He
Peng Qian
Dahai Zhang
Bo Feng
Wave Prediction Error Compensation and PTO Optimization Control Method for Improving the WEC Power Quality
Energies
wave energy
MPC
prediction error compensation
power quality
PTO efficiency and stability
title Wave Prediction Error Compensation and PTO Optimization Control Method for Improving the WEC Power Quality
title_full Wave Prediction Error Compensation and PTO Optimization Control Method for Improving the WEC Power Quality
title_fullStr Wave Prediction Error Compensation and PTO Optimization Control Method for Improving the WEC Power Quality
title_full_unstemmed Wave Prediction Error Compensation and PTO Optimization Control Method for Improving the WEC Power Quality
title_short Wave Prediction Error Compensation and PTO Optimization Control Method for Improving the WEC Power Quality
title_sort wave prediction error compensation and pto optimization control method for improving the wec power quality
topic wave energy
MPC
prediction error compensation
power quality
PTO efficiency and stability
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/15/4043
work_keys_str_mv AT tianlonglan wavepredictionerrorcompensationandptooptimizationcontrolmethodforimprovingthewecpowerquality
AT jiaruiwang wavepredictionerrorcompensationandptooptimizationcontrolmethodforimprovingthewecpowerquality
AT lulianghe wavepredictionerrorcompensationandptooptimizationcontrolmethodforimprovingthewecpowerquality
AT pengqian wavepredictionerrorcompensationandptooptimizationcontrolmethodforimprovingthewecpowerquality
AT dahaizhang wavepredictionerrorcompensationandptooptimizationcontrolmethodforimprovingthewecpowerquality
AT bofeng wavepredictionerrorcompensationandptooptimizationcontrolmethodforimprovingthewecpowerquality