Empathy and mental health distress in informal caregivers of dementia and stroke patients: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Informal caregivers of patients with neurodegenerative diseases are confronted with significant psychological distress. However the role of empathy in their mental health distress remains understudied. This study addressed this gap by investigating the association between empathy and mental...

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Main Authors: Jing Mei, Yi He, Jia Li, Fang Chen, Shihua Pan, Yang Xu, Huimin Sun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07024-3
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author Jing Mei
Yi He
Jia Li
Fang Chen
Shihua Pan
Yang Xu
Huimin Sun
author_facet Jing Mei
Yi He
Jia Li
Fang Chen
Shihua Pan
Yang Xu
Huimin Sun
author_sort Jing Mei
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Informal caregivers of patients with neurodegenerative diseases are confronted with significant psychological distress. However the role of empathy in their mental health distress remains understudied. This study addressed this gap by investigating the association between empathy and mental health outcomes with three groups (130 dementia caregivers, 130 stroke caregivers and 132 non-caregivers) through quantitative surveys. Measures included the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS), Irritability, Depression, and Anxiety Scale (IDA), the Chinese Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI-C), and sociodemographic questionnaires. We found that dementia caregivers presented higher total empathy and depression scores than did stroke caregivers and non-caregivers. Stroke caregivers reported significantly greater perceived stress than did both groups. Among caregivers, cognitive empathy (IRI-C subscales) and positive affective empathy were inversely associated with the IDA and CPSS dimensions(e.g., depression, anxiety, irritability and perceived distress). Conversely, negative affective empathy was positively correlated with most psychological distress indicators. These findings highlight that cognitive empathy and positive affective empathy may serve as protective factors against mental health issues in informal caregivers, whereas negative affective empathy exacerbates psychological burden. Interventions targeting empathy enhancement (particularly cognitive components) could mitigate caregiver distress. Future research should explore causal mechanisms and test empathy-focused interventions in geriatric care settings.
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spelling doaj-art-1cacb551d513425dba290d04afa9f13b2025-08-20T03:38:13ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-07024-3Empathy and mental health distress in informal caregivers of dementia and stroke patients: a cross-sectional studyJing Mei0Yi He1Jia Li2Fang Chen3Shihua Pan4Yang Xu5Huimin Sun6Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityDepartment of General Practice, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityDepartment of Neuropsychology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityAbstract Informal caregivers of patients with neurodegenerative diseases are confronted with significant psychological distress. However the role of empathy in their mental health distress remains understudied. This study addressed this gap by investigating the association between empathy and mental health outcomes with three groups (130 dementia caregivers, 130 stroke caregivers and 132 non-caregivers) through quantitative surveys. Measures included the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS), Irritability, Depression, and Anxiety Scale (IDA), the Chinese Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI-C), and sociodemographic questionnaires. We found that dementia caregivers presented higher total empathy and depression scores than did stroke caregivers and non-caregivers. Stroke caregivers reported significantly greater perceived stress than did both groups. Among caregivers, cognitive empathy (IRI-C subscales) and positive affective empathy were inversely associated with the IDA and CPSS dimensions(e.g., depression, anxiety, irritability and perceived distress). Conversely, negative affective empathy was positively correlated with most psychological distress indicators. These findings highlight that cognitive empathy and positive affective empathy may serve as protective factors against mental health issues in informal caregivers, whereas negative affective empathy exacerbates psychological burden. Interventions targeting empathy enhancement (particularly cognitive components) could mitigate caregiver distress. Future research should explore causal mechanisms and test empathy-focused interventions in geriatric care settings.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07024-3EmpathyDepressionAnxietyStressDementiaStroke
spellingShingle Jing Mei
Yi He
Jia Li
Fang Chen
Shihua Pan
Yang Xu
Huimin Sun
Empathy and mental health distress in informal caregivers of dementia and stroke patients: a cross-sectional study
Scientific Reports
Empathy
Depression
Anxiety
Stress
Dementia
Stroke
title Empathy and mental health distress in informal caregivers of dementia and stroke patients: a cross-sectional study
title_full Empathy and mental health distress in informal caregivers of dementia and stroke patients: a cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Empathy and mental health distress in informal caregivers of dementia and stroke patients: a cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Empathy and mental health distress in informal caregivers of dementia and stroke patients: a cross-sectional study
title_short Empathy and mental health distress in informal caregivers of dementia and stroke patients: a cross-sectional study
title_sort empathy and mental health distress in informal caregivers of dementia and stroke patients a cross sectional study
topic Empathy
Depression
Anxiety
Stress
Dementia
Stroke
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07024-3
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