Comprehensive circRNA expression profile and hub genes screening during human liver development

Background Understanding the expression of non-coding RNA in the liver during embryonic development provides important insights into liver diseases. Therefore, we investigated circular RNA (circRNA) roles in human liver development, an unexplored research domain.Methods Using high-throughput sequenc...

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Main Authors: Si Ying Li, Shu Ting Liu, Chen Yi Wang, Yu Zuo Bai, Zheng Wei Yuan, Xiao Bing Tang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Annals of Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/07853890.2025.2497111
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author Si Ying Li
Shu Ting Liu
Chen Yi Wang
Yu Zuo Bai
Zheng Wei Yuan
Xiao Bing Tang
author_facet Si Ying Li
Shu Ting Liu
Chen Yi Wang
Yu Zuo Bai
Zheng Wei Yuan
Xiao Bing Tang
author_sort Si Ying Li
collection DOAJ
description Background Understanding the expression of non-coding RNA in the liver during embryonic development provides important insights into liver diseases. Therefore, we investigated circular RNA (circRNA) roles in human liver development, an unexplored research domain.Methods Using high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics, we analysed foetal liver samples across developmental stages (7–20 weeks post-conception). Differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified and subjected to enrichment analysis using Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Disease Ontology (DO). Modular analysis was performed using the Search Tool for Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING), followed by construction of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network using Cytoscape software. The key genes were screened using Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE). The mRNA levels of hub genes were validated using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).Results There were 645 DE circRNAs and 5,145 DE mRNAs between human livers at the three growth stages (HB, EH, and LH). It was found that the activity of circRNAs was boosted remarkably in the hepatoblastic stage. Enrichment analysis found they mainly involved in nervous system regulation of liver function, embryonic organ development and digestive system development. In addition, DE circRNAs were primarily involved in the PI3K-AKT, MAPK and calcium pathways, potentially contributing to adult liver diseases. Notably, only hsa_circ_001471 and novel_circ_017382 were simultaneously identified at all stages and were persistently downregulated. A co-expression regulatory network involving these circRNAs was established. Three hub genes (LGR5, FOXL1 and RSPO3) were identified from the PPI network of 167 genes and may play key roles in human liver development. The RT-qPCR validation results were in agreement with the sequencing data.Conclusions Our findings provide the first insights into the roles and regulatory networks of circRNAs in human liver development, laying the groundwork for further investigations of molecular and signalling networks.
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spelling doaj-art-1ca9c35633b84715a9ce59025f3d033c2025-08-20T02:19:18ZengTaylor & Francis GroupAnnals of Medicine0785-38901365-20602025-12-0157110.1080/07853890.2025.2497111Comprehensive circRNA expression profile and hub genes screening during human liver developmentSi Ying Li0Shu Ting Liu1Chen Yi Wang2Yu Zuo Bai3Zheng Wei Yuan4Xiao Bing Tang5Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, ChinaDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, ChinaDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, ChinaDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, ChinaDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, ChinaBackground Understanding the expression of non-coding RNA in the liver during embryonic development provides important insights into liver diseases. Therefore, we investigated circular RNA (circRNA) roles in human liver development, an unexplored research domain.Methods Using high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics, we analysed foetal liver samples across developmental stages (7–20 weeks post-conception). Differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified and subjected to enrichment analysis using Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Disease Ontology (DO). Modular analysis was performed using the Search Tool for Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING), followed by construction of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network using Cytoscape software. The key genes were screened using Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE). The mRNA levels of hub genes were validated using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).Results There were 645 DE circRNAs and 5,145 DE mRNAs between human livers at the three growth stages (HB, EH, and LH). It was found that the activity of circRNAs was boosted remarkably in the hepatoblastic stage. Enrichment analysis found they mainly involved in nervous system regulation of liver function, embryonic organ development and digestive system development. In addition, DE circRNAs were primarily involved in the PI3K-AKT, MAPK and calcium pathways, potentially contributing to adult liver diseases. Notably, only hsa_circ_001471 and novel_circ_017382 were simultaneously identified at all stages and were persistently downregulated. A co-expression regulatory network involving these circRNAs was established. Three hub genes (LGR5, FOXL1 and RSPO3) were identified from the PPI network of 167 genes and may play key roles in human liver development. The RT-qPCR validation results were in agreement with the sequencing data.Conclusions Our findings provide the first insights into the roles and regulatory networks of circRNAs in human liver development, laying the groundwork for further investigations of molecular and signalling networks.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/07853890.2025.2497111Human liverembryonic developmenthigh-throughput RNA sequencingcircular RNAs
spellingShingle Si Ying Li
Shu Ting Liu
Chen Yi Wang
Yu Zuo Bai
Zheng Wei Yuan
Xiao Bing Tang
Comprehensive circRNA expression profile and hub genes screening during human liver development
Annals of Medicine
Human liver
embryonic development
high-throughput RNA sequencing
circular RNAs
title Comprehensive circRNA expression profile and hub genes screening during human liver development
title_full Comprehensive circRNA expression profile and hub genes screening during human liver development
title_fullStr Comprehensive circRNA expression profile and hub genes screening during human liver development
title_full_unstemmed Comprehensive circRNA expression profile and hub genes screening during human liver development
title_short Comprehensive circRNA expression profile and hub genes screening during human liver development
title_sort comprehensive circrna expression profile and hub genes screening during human liver development
topic Human liver
embryonic development
high-throughput RNA sequencing
circular RNAs
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/07853890.2025.2497111
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