Exploring the Long-Term Relationship Between Thermospheric ∑O/N<sub>2</sub> and Solar EUV Flux

Column O/N<sub>2</sub> ratio (∑O/N<sub>2</sub>), a physical quantity representing thermospheric disturbances, is influenced by solar extreme ultraviolet radiation flux (Q<sub>EUV</sub>) changes. Investigating the correlation between these two factors is essential...

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Main Authors: Hao Li, Cunying Xiao, Kuan Li, Zewei Wang, Xiaoqi Wu, Yang Yu, Luo Xiao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Remote Sensing
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/4/574
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author Hao Li
Cunying Xiao
Kuan Li
Zewei Wang
Xiaoqi Wu
Yang Yu
Luo Xiao
author_facet Hao Li
Cunying Xiao
Kuan Li
Zewei Wang
Xiaoqi Wu
Yang Yu
Luo Xiao
author_sort Hao Li
collection DOAJ
description Column O/N<sub>2</sub> ratio (∑O/N<sub>2</sub>), a physical quantity representing thermospheric disturbances, is influenced by solar extreme ultraviolet radiation flux (Q<sub>EUV</sub>) changes. Investigating the correlation between these two factors is essential for understanding the evolution of the thermosphere. This study examines the correlation and periodic variations of ∑O/N<sub>2</sub> and Q<sub>EUV</sub> across different phases of solar activity, using data from the Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) spanning from 2002 to 2022. A correlation analysis reveals a positive relationship between ∑O/N<sub>2</sub> and Q<sub>EUV</sub>. The function fitting results show that the magnitude of changes in ∑O/N<sub>2</sub> due to Q<sub>EUV</sub> variations is approximately 30% of the mean ∑O/N<sub>2</sub>. A wavelet analysis reveals their coherence in periodic components of 27-day, annual, and 11-year periods. These results are significant for studying the Sun–Earth coupling mechanism and understanding the impact of space weather on the thermosphere.
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series Remote Sensing
spelling doaj-art-1ca937981504454494c56df0de2e4d402025-08-20T03:12:15ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-02-0117457410.3390/rs17040574Exploring the Long-Term Relationship Between Thermospheric ∑O/N<sub>2</sub> and Solar EUV FluxHao Li0Cunying Xiao1Kuan Li2Zewei Wang3Xiaoqi Wu4Yang Yu5Luo Xiao6Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 102206, ChinaInstitute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 102206, ChinaMacau Institute of Space Technology and Application, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, ChinaInstitute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 102206, ChinaInstitute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 102206, ChinaInstitute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 102206, ChinaInstitute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 102206, ChinaColumn O/N<sub>2</sub> ratio (∑O/N<sub>2</sub>), a physical quantity representing thermospheric disturbances, is influenced by solar extreme ultraviolet radiation flux (Q<sub>EUV</sub>) changes. Investigating the correlation between these two factors is essential for understanding the evolution of the thermosphere. This study examines the correlation and periodic variations of ∑O/N<sub>2</sub> and Q<sub>EUV</sub> across different phases of solar activity, using data from the Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) spanning from 2002 to 2022. A correlation analysis reveals a positive relationship between ∑O/N<sub>2</sub> and Q<sub>EUV</sub>. The function fitting results show that the magnitude of changes in ∑O/N<sub>2</sub> due to Q<sub>EUV</sub> variations is approximately 30% of the mean ∑O/N<sub>2</sub>. A wavelet analysis reveals their coherence in periodic components of 27-day, annual, and 11-year periods. These results are significant for studying the Sun–Earth coupling mechanism and understanding the impact of space weather on the thermosphere.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/4/574column O/N<sub>2</sub> ratioextreme ultraviolet radiation fluxcorrelation analysisthermosphere
spellingShingle Hao Li
Cunying Xiao
Kuan Li
Zewei Wang
Xiaoqi Wu
Yang Yu
Luo Xiao
Exploring the Long-Term Relationship Between Thermospheric ∑O/N<sub>2</sub> and Solar EUV Flux
Remote Sensing
column O/N<sub>2</sub> ratio
extreme ultraviolet radiation flux
correlation analysis
thermosphere
title Exploring the Long-Term Relationship Between Thermospheric ∑O/N<sub>2</sub> and Solar EUV Flux
title_full Exploring the Long-Term Relationship Between Thermospheric ∑O/N<sub>2</sub> and Solar EUV Flux
title_fullStr Exploring the Long-Term Relationship Between Thermospheric ∑O/N<sub>2</sub> and Solar EUV Flux
title_full_unstemmed Exploring the Long-Term Relationship Between Thermospheric ∑O/N<sub>2</sub> and Solar EUV Flux
title_short Exploring the Long-Term Relationship Between Thermospheric ∑O/N<sub>2</sub> and Solar EUV Flux
title_sort exploring the long term relationship between thermospheric ∑o n sub 2 sub and solar euv flux
topic column O/N<sub>2</sub> ratio
extreme ultraviolet radiation flux
correlation analysis
thermosphere
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/4/574
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