Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Particulate Organic Carbon and Its Response to Climate Change: Evidence of the East China Sea from 2003 to 2022

Particulate organic carbon (POC) plays a crucial role in oceanic climate change. However, existing research is limited by several factors, including the scarcity of long-term data, extensive datasets, and a comprehensive understanding of POC dynamics. This study utilizes monthly average POC remote s...

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Main Authors: Zhenghan Liu, Yingfeng Chen, Xiaofeng Lin, Wei Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/5/963
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author Zhenghan Liu
Yingfeng Chen
Xiaofeng Lin
Wei Yang
author_facet Zhenghan Liu
Yingfeng Chen
Xiaofeng Lin
Wei Yang
author_sort Zhenghan Liu
collection DOAJ
description Particulate organic carbon (POC) plays a crucial role in oceanic climate change. However, existing research is limited by several factors, including the scarcity of long-term data, extensive datasets, and a comprehensive understanding of POC dynamics. This study utilizes monthly average POC remote sensing data from the MODIS/AQUA satellite to analyze the spatiotemporal variations of POC in the East China Sea from 2003 to 2022. Employing correlation analysis, spatial autocorrelation models, and the Geodetector model, we explore responses to key influencing factors such as climatic elements. The results indicate that POC concentrations are higher in the western nearshore areas and lower in the eastern offshore regions of the East China Sea (ECS). Additionally, concentrations are observed to be lower in southern regions compared to northern ones. From 2003 to 2022, POC concentrations exhibited a fluctuating downward trend with an average annual concentration of 121.05 ± 4.57 mg/m<sup>3</sup>. Seasonally, monthly average POC concentrations ranged from 105.48 mg/m<sup>3</sup> to 158.36 mg/m<sup>3</sup>; notably higher concentrations were recorded during spring while summer showed comparatively lower levels. Specifically, POC concentrations peaked in April before rapidly declining from May to June—reaching a minimum—and then gradually increasing again from June through December. Correlation analysis revealed significant influences on POC levels by particulate inorganic carbon (PIC), sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll (Chl), and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). The Geodetector model further elucidated that these factors vary in their impact: Chl was identified as having the strongest influence (q = 0.84), followed by PIC (q = 0.75) and SST (q = 0.64) as primary influencing factors; PAR was recognized as a secondary factor with q = 0.30. This study provides new insights into marine carbon cycling dynamics within the context of climate change.
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spelling doaj-art-1ca7e427cc7e4a87a7583f91fc37e27a2025-08-20T02:33:57ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122025-05-0113596310.3390/jmse13050963Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Particulate Organic Carbon and Its Response to Climate Change: Evidence of the East China Sea from 2003 to 2022Zhenghan Liu0Yingfeng Chen1Xiaofeng Lin2Wei Yang3College of Harbour and Coastal Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaCollege of Harbour and Coastal Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaCollege of Harbour and Coastal Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaCollege of Harbour and Coastal Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaParticulate organic carbon (POC) plays a crucial role in oceanic climate change. However, existing research is limited by several factors, including the scarcity of long-term data, extensive datasets, and a comprehensive understanding of POC dynamics. This study utilizes monthly average POC remote sensing data from the MODIS/AQUA satellite to analyze the spatiotemporal variations of POC in the East China Sea from 2003 to 2022. Employing correlation analysis, spatial autocorrelation models, and the Geodetector model, we explore responses to key influencing factors such as climatic elements. The results indicate that POC concentrations are higher in the western nearshore areas and lower in the eastern offshore regions of the East China Sea (ECS). Additionally, concentrations are observed to be lower in southern regions compared to northern ones. From 2003 to 2022, POC concentrations exhibited a fluctuating downward trend with an average annual concentration of 121.05 ± 4.57 mg/m<sup>3</sup>. Seasonally, monthly average POC concentrations ranged from 105.48 mg/m<sup>3</sup> to 158.36 mg/m<sup>3</sup>; notably higher concentrations were recorded during spring while summer showed comparatively lower levels. Specifically, POC concentrations peaked in April before rapidly declining from May to June—reaching a minimum—and then gradually increasing again from June through December. Correlation analysis revealed significant influences on POC levels by particulate inorganic carbon (PIC), sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll (Chl), and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). The Geodetector model further elucidated that these factors vary in their impact: Chl was identified as having the strongest influence (q = 0.84), followed by PIC (q = 0.75) and SST (q = 0.64) as primary influencing factors; PAR was recognized as a secondary factor with q = 0.30. This study provides new insights into marine carbon cycling dynamics within the context of climate change.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/5/963particulate organic carbon (POC)spatio-temporal dynamicsclimate changegeodetectorEast China Sea
spellingShingle Zhenghan Liu
Yingfeng Chen
Xiaofeng Lin
Wei Yang
Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Particulate Organic Carbon and Its Response to Climate Change: Evidence of the East China Sea from 2003 to 2022
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
particulate organic carbon (POC)
spatio-temporal dynamics
climate change
geodetector
East China Sea
title Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Particulate Organic Carbon and Its Response to Climate Change: Evidence of the East China Sea from 2003 to 2022
title_full Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Particulate Organic Carbon and Its Response to Climate Change: Evidence of the East China Sea from 2003 to 2022
title_fullStr Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Particulate Organic Carbon and Its Response to Climate Change: Evidence of the East China Sea from 2003 to 2022
title_full_unstemmed Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Particulate Organic Carbon and Its Response to Climate Change: Evidence of the East China Sea from 2003 to 2022
title_short Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Particulate Organic Carbon and Its Response to Climate Change: Evidence of the East China Sea from 2003 to 2022
title_sort spatio temporal dynamics of particulate organic carbon and its response to climate change evidence of the east china sea from 2003 to 2022
topic particulate organic carbon (POC)
spatio-temporal dynamics
climate change
geodetector
East China Sea
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/5/963
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AT xiaofenglin spatiotemporaldynamicsofparticulateorganiccarbonanditsresponsetoclimatechangeevidenceoftheeastchinaseafrom2003to2022
AT weiyang spatiotemporaldynamicsofparticulateorganiccarbonanditsresponsetoclimatechangeevidenceoftheeastchinaseafrom2003to2022