The impact of the nocebo effect on discontinuation of statin therapy due to myopathy in patients with cardiovascular disease – a review

Introduction and purpose of review: Statins are widely used drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, yet many patients experience side effects of statin use, mainly muscle symptoms, such as myopathy, which often lead to discontinuation of treatment. The aim of this literature review is t...

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Main Authors: Jakub Stanek, Patrycja Sornek, Wiktoria Izdebska, Agata Borkowska, Radosław Ciesielski, Anna Kaźmierczak, Anna Kiełb, Anna Mich, Klaudia Perkowska, Igor Pawlak
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń 2024-11-01
Series:Quality in Sport
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Online Access:https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/55769
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author Jakub Stanek
Patrycja Sornek
Wiktoria Izdebska
Agata Borkowska
Radosław Ciesielski
Anna Kaźmierczak
Anna Kiełb
Anna Mich
Klaudia Perkowska
Igor Pawlak
author_facet Jakub Stanek
Patrycja Sornek
Wiktoria Izdebska
Agata Borkowska
Radosław Ciesielski
Anna Kaźmierczak
Anna Kiełb
Anna Mich
Klaudia Perkowska
Igor Pawlak
author_sort Jakub Stanek
collection DOAJ
description Introduction and purpose of review: Statins are widely used drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, yet many patients experience side effects of statin use, mainly muscle symptoms, such as myopathy, which often lead to discontinuation of treatment. The aim of this literature review is to assess the role of the nocebo effect in reported muscle symptoms and its impact on statin discontinuation in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Methods: The review analysed the results of several studies, including key publications such as the N-of-1 trial by Wood et al.[1] and the work of Collins et al.[2] on the safety and efficacy of statin therapy. The review covered articles published between 2000 and 2023 that examined the impact of the nocebo effect on statin discontinuation[3-10]. Results: The collected data indicate that the nocebo effect plays a significant role in the reported muscle symptoms during statin use. The study by Wood et al.[1] showed no significant differences in reported symptoms between the groups taking statins, placebo, or receiving no treatment, suggesting that a substantial portion of the symptoms results from the nocebo effect. Similar findings were obtained in the study conducted by the StatinWISE group[4], where patients taking statins and placebo reported a comparable frequency of muscle symptoms. An analysis conducted by Collins et al.[2] indicates that the actual incidence of myopathy associated with statin therapy is much lower than commonly reported. Conclusions: The nocebo effect significantly influences the perceived adverse effects of statins, which may lead to the unjustified discontinuation of these drugs by patients with cardiovascular diseases. Further research is needed to better understand the psychological mechanisms affecting statin tolerance and to develop educational and clinical strategies aimed at minimizing the nocebo effect and improving long-term adherence to therapy.
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spelling doaj-art-1ca1769dcca04827bbef7745de3b40442025-08-20T02:23:06ZengNicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńQuality in Sport2450-31182024-11-013110.12775/QS.2024.31.55769The impact of the nocebo effect on discontinuation of statin therapy due to myopathy in patients with cardiovascular disease – a reviewJakub Stanek0Patrycja Sornek1Wiktoria Izdebska2Agata Borkowska3Radosław Ciesielski4Anna Kaźmierczak5Anna Kiełb6Anna Mich7Klaudia Perkowska8Igor Pawlak9Medical University of LodzMilitary Medical Academy Memorial Teaching Hospital- Central Veteran Hospital ul. Stefana Żeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, PolandJ. Gromkowski Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, Koszarowa 5, 51-149 Wroclaw, PolandMilitary Institute of Aviation Medicine, ul. Zygmunta Krasińskiego 54/56, 01-755 Warsaw, PLIndependent Public Hospital in Mińsk Mazowiecki, ul. Szpitalna 37, 05-300 Mińsk Mazowiecki4th Military Clinical Hospital in Wroclaw, Weigla 5, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland5th Military Clinical Hospital in Krakow, ul. Wrocławska 1-3, 30-901 Krakow, PolandIndependent Public Hospital in Mińsk Mazowiecki, ul. Szpitalna 37, 05-300 Mińsk MazowieckiMilitary Medical Institute, Szaserów 128, 04-349 Warsaw, PolandIndependent Public Hospital in Mińsk Mazowiecki, ul. Szpitalna 37, 05-300 Mińsk Mazowiecki Introduction and purpose of review: Statins are widely used drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, yet many patients experience side effects of statin use, mainly muscle symptoms, such as myopathy, which often lead to discontinuation of treatment. The aim of this literature review is to assess the role of the nocebo effect in reported muscle symptoms and its impact on statin discontinuation in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Methods: The review analysed the results of several studies, including key publications such as the N-of-1 trial by Wood et al.[1] and the work of Collins et al.[2] on the safety and efficacy of statin therapy. The review covered articles published between 2000 and 2023 that examined the impact of the nocebo effect on statin discontinuation[3-10]. Results: The collected data indicate that the nocebo effect plays a significant role in the reported muscle symptoms during statin use. The study by Wood et al.[1] showed no significant differences in reported symptoms between the groups taking statins, placebo, or receiving no treatment, suggesting that a substantial portion of the symptoms results from the nocebo effect. Similar findings were obtained in the study conducted by the StatinWISE group[4], where patients taking statins and placebo reported a comparable frequency of muscle symptoms. An analysis conducted by Collins et al.[2] indicates that the actual incidence of myopathy associated with statin therapy is much lower than commonly reported. Conclusions: The nocebo effect significantly influences the perceived adverse effects of statins, which may lead to the unjustified discontinuation of these drugs by patients with cardiovascular diseases. Further research is needed to better understand the psychological mechanisms affecting statin tolerance and to develop educational and clinical strategies aimed at minimizing the nocebo effect and improving long-term adherence to therapy. https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/55769statinsnocebo effectmyopathycardiovascular diseasesdyslipidemiahypercholesterolemia
spellingShingle Jakub Stanek
Patrycja Sornek
Wiktoria Izdebska
Agata Borkowska
Radosław Ciesielski
Anna Kaźmierczak
Anna Kiełb
Anna Mich
Klaudia Perkowska
Igor Pawlak
The impact of the nocebo effect on discontinuation of statin therapy due to myopathy in patients with cardiovascular disease – a review
Quality in Sport
statins
nocebo effect
myopathy
cardiovascular diseases
dyslipidemia
hypercholesterolemia
title The impact of the nocebo effect on discontinuation of statin therapy due to myopathy in patients with cardiovascular disease – a review
title_full The impact of the nocebo effect on discontinuation of statin therapy due to myopathy in patients with cardiovascular disease – a review
title_fullStr The impact of the nocebo effect on discontinuation of statin therapy due to myopathy in patients with cardiovascular disease – a review
title_full_unstemmed The impact of the nocebo effect on discontinuation of statin therapy due to myopathy in patients with cardiovascular disease – a review
title_short The impact of the nocebo effect on discontinuation of statin therapy due to myopathy in patients with cardiovascular disease – a review
title_sort impact of the nocebo effect on discontinuation of statin therapy due to myopathy in patients with cardiovascular disease a review
topic statins
nocebo effect
myopathy
cardiovascular diseases
dyslipidemia
hypercholesterolemia
url https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/55769
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