The expanded genome of Hexamita inflata, a free-living diplomonad
Abstract Diplomonads are anaerobic, flagellated protists, being part of the Metamonada group of Eukaryotes. Diplomonads either live as endobionts (parasites and commensals) of animals or free-living in low-oxygen environments. Genomic information is available for parasitic diplomonads like Giardia i...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Scientific Data |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04514-x |
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| author | Zeynep Akdeniz Michal Havelka Michal Stoklasa Alejandro Jiménez-González Vojtěch Žárský Feifei Xu Courtney W. Stairs Jon Jerlström-Hultqvist Martin Kolísko Jan Provazník Staffan Svärd Jan O. Andersson Jan Tachezy |
| author_facet | Zeynep Akdeniz Michal Havelka Michal Stoklasa Alejandro Jiménez-González Vojtěch Žárský Feifei Xu Courtney W. Stairs Jon Jerlström-Hultqvist Martin Kolísko Jan Provazník Staffan Svärd Jan O. Andersson Jan Tachezy |
| author_sort | Zeynep Akdeniz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Diplomonads are anaerobic, flagellated protists, being part of the Metamonada group of Eukaryotes. Diplomonads either live as endobionts (parasites and commensals) of animals or free-living in low-oxygen environments. Genomic information is available for parasitic diplomonads like Giardia intestinalis and Spironucleus salmonicida, while little is known about the genomic arrangements of free-living diplomonads. We have generated the first reference genome of a free-living diplomonad, Hexamita inflata. The final version of the genome assembly is fragmented (1241 contigs) but substantially larger (142 Mbp) than the parasitic diplomonad genomes (9.8–14.7 Mbp). It encodes 79,341 proteins; 29,874 have functional annotations and 49,467 are hypothetical proteins. Interspersed repeats comprise 34% of the genome (9617 Retroelements, 2676 DNA transposons). The large expansion of protein-encoding capacity and the interspersed repeats are the major reasons for the large genome size. This genome from a free-living diplomonad will be the basis for further studies of the Diplomonadida lineage and the evolution of parasitism-free living style transitions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1ca0d6d55d634efabfaf3abb770591e1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2052-4463 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Data |
| spelling | doaj-art-1ca0d6d55d634efabfaf3abb770591e12025-02-02T12:08:18ZengNature PortfolioScientific Data2052-44632025-02-011211810.1038/s41597-025-04514-xThe expanded genome of Hexamita inflata, a free-living diplomonadZeynep Akdeniz0Michal Havelka1Michal Stoklasa2Alejandro Jiménez-González3Vojtěch Žárský4Feifei Xu5Courtney W. Stairs6Jon Jerlström-Hultqvist7Martin Kolísko8Jan Provazník9Staffan Svärd10Jan O. Andersson11Jan Tachezy12Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala UniversityDepartment of Parasitology, Charles University, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre in Vestec (BIOCEV)Department of Parasitology, Charles University, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre in Vestec (BIOCEV)Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala UniversityDepartment of Parasitology, Charles University, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre in Vestec (BIOCEV)Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala UniversityDepartment of Biology, Lund UniversityDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala UniversityInstitute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of SciencesEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genomics Core FacilityDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala UniversityDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala UniversityDepartment of Parasitology, Charles University, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre in Vestec (BIOCEV)Abstract Diplomonads are anaerobic, flagellated protists, being part of the Metamonada group of Eukaryotes. Diplomonads either live as endobionts (parasites and commensals) of animals or free-living in low-oxygen environments. Genomic information is available for parasitic diplomonads like Giardia intestinalis and Spironucleus salmonicida, while little is known about the genomic arrangements of free-living diplomonads. We have generated the first reference genome of a free-living diplomonad, Hexamita inflata. The final version of the genome assembly is fragmented (1241 contigs) but substantially larger (142 Mbp) than the parasitic diplomonad genomes (9.8–14.7 Mbp). It encodes 79,341 proteins; 29,874 have functional annotations and 49,467 are hypothetical proteins. Interspersed repeats comprise 34% of the genome (9617 Retroelements, 2676 DNA transposons). The large expansion of protein-encoding capacity and the interspersed repeats are the major reasons for the large genome size. This genome from a free-living diplomonad will be the basis for further studies of the Diplomonadida lineage and the evolution of parasitism-free living style transitions.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04514-x |
| spellingShingle | Zeynep Akdeniz Michal Havelka Michal Stoklasa Alejandro Jiménez-González Vojtěch Žárský Feifei Xu Courtney W. Stairs Jon Jerlström-Hultqvist Martin Kolísko Jan Provazník Staffan Svärd Jan O. Andersson Jan Tachezy The expanded genome of Hexamita inflata, a free-living diplomonad Scientific Data |
| title | The expanded genome of Hexamita inflata, a free-living diplomonad |
| title_full | The expanded genome of Hexamita inflata, a free-living diplomonad |
| title_fullStr | The expanded genome of Hexamita inflata, a free-living diplomonad |
| title_full_unstemmed | The expanded genome of Hexamita inflata, a free-living diplomonad |
| title_short | The expanded genome of Hexamita inflata, a free-living diplomonad |
| title_sort | expanded genome of hexamita inflata a free living diplomonad |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04514-x |
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