The mediating role of obesity in the associations of meal-specific dietary patterns and chrono-nutrition components with cardiometabolic risk factors: structural equation modeling
Abstract Background Circadian eating patterns and chrono-nutrition may influence obesity and disease incidence. Thus, this study aimed to assess the mediating role of obesity in the relationship between meal-specific dietary patterns (DPs), chrono-nutritional components, and cardiometabolic risk usi...
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BMC
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Nutrition & Metabolism |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-024-00868-y |
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| author | Azadeh Lesani Mehrdad Karimi Zahra Akbarzade Kurosh Djafarian Sakineh Shab-Bidar |
| author_facet | Azadeh Lesani Mehrdad Karimi Zahra Akbarzade Kurosh Djafarian Sakineh Shab-Bidar |
| author_sort | Azadeh Lesani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Circadian eating patterns and chrono-nutrition may influence obesity and disease incidence. Thus, this study aimed to assess the mediating role of obesity in the relationship between meal-specific dietary patterns (DPs), chrono-nutritional components, and cardiometabolic risk using structural equation modeling (SEM). Methods A cross-sectional study involving 825 Iranian adults was conducted. Dietary intake was recorded using three 24-h dietary recalls. The morning-evening questionnaire was completed. Meal timing, frequency of eating occasions, and irregular energy scores were derived from dietary recalls. Principal component analysis identified DPs for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and laboratory investigations, including fasting glucose levels, lipid profiles, and insulin levels, were performed. Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostatic model, and triglyceride and glucose indices were calculated. Results The final SEM showed, that the “oil, egg, and cereals” DPs at breakfast were directly associated with lipids [β (95% CI); 0.105 (0.007–0.203)]. The “oil, dairy, potato, and egg” DPs at lunch were indirectly linked to increased lipids [0.156 (0.040–0.271), BP (0.338 (0.226–0.449)], and insulin indices [0.208 (0.188–0.277)]. At dinner, the “cereal, oil, poultry, and legume” DPs was directly related to lower BP [− 0.095 (− 0.179 to − 0.012)]. The frequency of eating was directly related to lipid levels (− 0.101 (− 0.193 to − 0.008)]. An irregular energy score was not related to outcomes. Conclusion More frequent meals and healthier DPs, especially at dinner, were linked to better cardiometabolic outcomes, with obesity mediating some effects. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify causal relationships. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1c9d007955e844cabe74768e45143f18 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1743-7075 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrition & Metabolism |
| spelling | doaj-art-1c9d007955e844cabe74768e45143f182025-08-20T02:22:28ZengBMCNutrition & Metabolism1743-70752024-11-0121111510.1186/s12986-024-00868-yThe mediating role of obesity in the associations of meal-specific dietary patterns and chrono-nutrition components with cardiometabolic risk factors: structural equation modelingAzadeh Lesani0Mehrdad Karimi1Zahra Akbarzade2Kurosh Djafarian3Sakineh Shab-Bidar4Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical SciencesKhoy University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Circadian eating patterns and chrono-nutrition may influence obesity and disease incidence. Thus, this study aimed to assess the mediating role of obesity in the relationship between meal-specific dietary patterns (DPs), chrono-nutritional components, and cardiometabolic risk using structural equation modeling (SEM). Methods A cross-sectional study involving 825 Iranian adults was conducted. Dietary intake was recorded using three 24-h dietary recalls. The morning-evening questionnaire was completed. Meal timing, frequency of eating occasions, and irregular energy scores were derived from dietary recalls. Principal component analysis identified DPs for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and laboratory investigations, including fasting glucose levels, lipid profiles, and insulin levels, were performed. Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostatic model, and triglyceride and glucose indices were calculated. Results The final SEM showed, that the “oil, egg, and cereals” DPs at breakfast were directly associated with lipids [β (95% CI); 0.105 (0.007–0.203)]. The “oil, dairy, potato, and egg” DPs at lunch were indirectly linked to increased lipids [0.156 (0.040–0.271), BP (0.338 (0.226–0.449)], and insulin indices [0.208 (0.188–0.277)]. At dinner, the “cereal, oil, poultry, and legume” DPs was directly related to lower BP [− 0.095 (− 0.179 to − 0.012)]. The frequency of eating was directly related to lipid levels (− 0.101 (− 0.193 to − 0.008)]. An irregular energy score was not related to outcomes. Conclusion More frequent meals and healthier DPs, especially at dinner, were linked to better cardiometabolic outcomes, with obesity mediating some effects. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify causal relationships.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-024-00868-yDietary patternStructural equation modelingChrono-nutritionMeal frequencyIrregularityObesity |
| spellingShingle | Azadeh Lesani Mehrdad Karimi Zahra Akbarzade Kurosh Djafarian Sakineh Shab-Bidar The mediating role of obesity in the associations of meal-specific dietary patterns and chrono-nutrition components with cardiometabolic risk factors: structural equation modeling Nutrition & Metabolism Dietary pattern Structural equation modeling Chrono-nutrition Meal frequency Irregularity Obesity |
| title | The mediating role of obesity in the associations of meal-specific dietary patterns and chrono-nutrition components with cardiometabolic risk factors: structural equation modeling |
| title_full | The mediating role of obesity in the associations of meal-specific dietary patterns and chrono-nutrition components with cardiometabolic risk factors: structural equation modeling |
| title_fullStr | The mediating role of obesity in the associations of meal-specific dietary patterns and chrono-nutrition components with cardiometabolic risk factors: structural equation modeling |
| title_full_unstemmed | The mediating role of obesity in the associations of meal-specific dietary patterns and chrono-nutrition components with cardiometabolic risk factors: structural equation modeling |
| title_short | The mediating role of obesity in the associations of meal-specific dietary patterns and chrono-nutrition components with cardiometabolic risk factors: structural equation modeling |
| title_sort | mediating role of obesity in the associations of meal specific dietary patterns and chrono nutrition components with cardiometabolic risk factors structural equation modeling |
| topic | Dietary pattern Structural equation modeling Chrono-nutrition Meal frequency Irregularity Obesity |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-024-00868-y |
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