A multi-center retrospective analysis of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy for detecting additional positive axillary node metastasis in early breast cancer

Abstract This study evaluates the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (US-FNAB) in assessing additional positive axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis following sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in clinically ALN-negative or N1 cases, aiming to refine patient management....

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Main Authors: Youjia Li, Mengru Dong, Shengyu Liao, Yu Jiang, Yingjie Niu, Yiqin Huang, Wei Fu, Debo Chen, Zhipeng Hong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01353-z
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author Youjia Li
Mengru Dong
Shengyu Liao
Yu Jiang
Yingjie Niu
Yiqin Huang
Wei Fu
Debo Chen
Zhipeng Hong
author_facet Youjia Li
Mengru Dong
Shengyu Liao
Yu Jiang
Yingjie Niu
Yiqin Huang
Wei Fu
Debo Chen
Zhipeng Hong
author_sort Youjia Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study evaluates the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (US-FNAB) in assessing additional positive axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis following sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in clinically ALN-negative or N1 cases, aiming to refine patient management. A multi-center, retrospective analysis included 7617 patients with cT1-2 and cN0-1, who underwent US-FNAB for ALN and proceeding to SLNB or axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Metastatic patterns were assessed, particularly focusing on correlations with positive FNAB results and additional ALN metastasis found during ALND, with statistical significance evaluated. Of those undergoing SLNB, 97.5% exhibited macrometastasis. In the SLNB-only group, 2.4% had 3 and more than 3 positive lymph node, compared to 19.2% in the SLNB & ALND group (P < 0.01). Among ALND patients, 63.3% had positive nodes, significantly higher in those with positive FNAB (91.9% vs. 22.8%, P < 0.001). Additionally, 40.9% were found to have additional positive ALNs in patients who underwent ALND following positive SLNB, with rates significantly higher in those with positive FNAB (60.3% vs. 35.4%, P < 0.001). LVI positivity, pT2-3, SLNR > 50% and positive FNAB were independent predictors of additional ALN metastasis in patients undergoing ALND after positive SLNB (P < 0.05). The proportion of additional positivity escalated with the number of positive SLNs. US-FNAB significantly improves the detection of additional ALN metastasis, guiding more effective strategy for ALN surgical decision-making. Our findings support the incorporation of US-FNAB into clinical practice to improve patient stratification and optimize treatment outcomes in early-stage breast cancer management.
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spelling doaj-art-1c8f72e3734445f0a8d1581614ffce972025-08-20T03:22:02ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-01353-zA multi-center retrospective analysis of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy for detecting additional positive axillary node metastasis in early breast cancerYoujia Li0Mengru Dong1Shengyu Liao2Yu Jiang3Yingjie Niu4Yiqin Huang5Wei Fu6Debo Chen7Zhipeng Hong8Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityStandardization Training Office, Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityDepartment of Breast Surgery, Bazhong Central HospitalThe School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical UniversityThe School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical UniversityThe School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical UniversityThe School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical UniversityThe School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical UniversityThe School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical UniversityAbstract This study evaluates the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (US-FNAB) in assessing additional positive axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis following sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in clinically ALN-negative or N1 cases, aiming to refine patient management. A multi-center, retrospective analysis included 7617 patients with cT1-2 and cN0-1, who underwent US-FNAB for ALN and proceeding to SLNB or axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Metastatic patterns were assessed, particularly focusing on correlations with positive FNAB results and additional ALN metastasis found during ALND, with statistical significance evaluated. Of those undergoing SLNB, 97.5% exhibited macrometastasis. In the SLNB-only group, 2.4% had 3 and more than 3 positive lymph node, compared to 19.2% in the SLNB & ALND group (P < 0.01). Among ALND patients, 63.3% had positive nodes, significantly higher in those with positive FNAB (91.9% vs. 22.8%, P < 0.001). Additionally, 40.9% were found to have additional positive ALNs in patients who underwent ALND following positive SLNB, with rates significantly higher in those with positive FNAB (60.3% vs. 35.4%, P < 0.001). LVI positivity, pT2-3, SLNR > 50% and positive FNAB were independent predictors of additional ALN metastasis in patients undergoing ALND after positive SLNB (P < 0.05). The proportion of additional positivity escalated with the number of positive SLNs. US-FNAB significantly improves the detection of additional ALN metastasis, guiding more effective strategy for ALN surgical decision-making. Our findings support the incorporation of US-FNAB into clinical practice to improve patient stratification and optimize treatment outcomes in early-stage breast cancer management.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01353-zUltrasound-guidedFine needle aspiration biopsySentinel lymph node biopsyAxillary lymph node dissectionEarly breast cancer
spellingShingle Youjia Li
Mengru Dong
Shengyu Liao
Yu Jiang
Yingjie Niu
Yiqin Huang
Wei Fu
Debo Chen
Zhipeng Hong
A multi-center retrospective analysis of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy for detecting additional positive axillary node metastasis in early breast cancer
Scientific Reports
Ultrasound-guided
Fine needle aspiration biopsy
Sentinel lymph node biopsy
Axillary lymph node dissection
Early breast cancer
title A multi-center retrospective analysis of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy for detecting additional positive axillary node metastasis in early breast cancer
title_full A multi-center retrospective analysis of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy for detecting additional positive axillary node metastasis in early breast cancer
title_fullStr A multi-center retrospective analysis of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy for detecting additional positive axillary node metastasis in early breast cancer
title_full_unstemmed A multi-center retrospective analysis of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy for detecting additional positive axillary node metastasis in early breast cancer
title_short A multi-center retrospective analysis of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy for detecting additional positive axillary node metastasis in early breast cancer
title_sort multi center retrospective analysis of ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy for detecting additional positive axillary node metastasis in early breast cancer
topic Ultrasound-guided
Fine needle aspiration biopsy
Sentinel lymph node biopsy
Axillary lymph node dissection
Early breast cancer
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01353-z
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