Computational Investigation of Aerodynamic Behaviour in Rubber O-Ring: Effects of Flow Velocity and Surface Topology

This report uses computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) to investigate the aerodynamics of a rubber O-ring, with a focus on assessing the influence of fluid velocity and surface topology whilst providing a detailed methodology that promotes correct procedures. A steady state scenario was set up, modell...

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Main Authors: Thomas Singleton, Adil Saeed, Zulfiqar Ahmad Khan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/5006
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author Thomas Singleton
Adil Saeed
Zulfiqar Ahmad Khan
author_facet Thomas Singleton
Adil Saeed
Zulfiqar Ahmad Khan
author_sort Thomas Singleton
collection DOAJ
description This report uses computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) to investigate the aerodynamics of a rubber O-ring, with a focus on assessing the influence of fluid velocity and surface topology whilst providing a detailed methodology that promotes correct procedures. A steady state scenario was set up, modelling laminar airflow across two O-rings with 5 μm and 100 μm surface finishes, respectively. Analysis showed that increasing the fluid velocity from 0.01 m/s to 2 m/s significantly translates the separation points downstream, consolidating wake regions behind the airfoil. The CFD simulations also infer that as the fluid velocity increases, the frictional drag coefficients decrease from 3.13 to 0.11, and the pressure drag coefficients increase from 0.55 to 0.6, implying that the recirculation of flowlines behind the O-ring becomes the most hindering factor on aerodynamics. Conversely, variations in surface roughness showed negligible effects on the flow field. This insensitivity is attributed to the low Reynolds number (Re) used in all simulations, where a roughness of 5 μm or 100 μm remains well within the laminar sublayer, therefore minimising their impact on boundary layer disruption and flow separation.
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spelling doaj-art-1c7c00e541ba44be82f8e6f38c4361ae2025-08-20T02:58:47ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-04-01159500610.3390/app15095006Computational Investigation of Aerodynamic Behaviour in Rubber O-Ring: Effects of Flow Velocity and Surface TopologyThomas Singleton0Adil Saeed1Zulfiqar Ahmad Khan2NanoCorr Energy and Modelling Research Group, Bournemouth University, Poole BH12 5BB, UKNanoCorr Energy and Modelling Research Group, Bournemouth University, Poole BH12 5BB, UKNanoCorr Energy and Modelling Research Group, Bournemouth University, Poole BH12 5BB, UKThis report uses computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) to investigate the aerodynamics of a rubber O-ring, with a focus on assessing the influence of fluid velocity and surface topology whilst providing a detailed methodology that promotes correct procedures. A steady state scenario was set up, modelling laminar airflow across two O-rings with 5 μm and 100 μm surface finishes, respectively. Analysis showed that increasing the fluid velocity from 0.01 m/s to 2 m/s significantly translates the separation points downstream, consolidating wake regions behind the airfoil. The CFD simulations also infer that as the fluid velocity increases, the frictional drag coefficients decrease from 3.13 to 0.11, and the pressure drag coefficients increase from 0.55 to 0.6, implying that the recirculation of flowlines behind the O-ring becomes the most hindering factor on aerodynamics. Conversely, variations in surface roughness showed negligible effects on the flow field. This insensitivity is attributed to the low Reynolds number (Re) used in all simulations, where a roughness of 5 μm or 100 μm remains well within the laminar sublayer, therefore minimising their impact on boundary layer disruption and flow separation.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/5006computational fluid dynamicsairflowO-ringvelocitysurface roughnessReynolds number
spellingShingle Thomas Singleton
Adil Saeed
Zulfiqar Ahmad Khan
Computational Investigation of Aerodynamic Behaviour in Rubber O-Ring: Effects of Flow Velocity and Surface Topology
Applied Sciences
computational fluid dynamics
airflow
O-ring
velocity
surface roughness
Reynolds number
title Computational Investigation of Aerodynamic Behaviour in Rubber O-Ring: Effects of Flow Velocity and Surface Topology
title_full Computational Investigation of Aerodynamic Behaviour in Rubber O-Ring: Effects of Flow Velocity and Surface Topology
title_fullStr Computational Investigation of Aerodynamic Behaviour in Rubber O-Ring: Effects of Flow Velocity and Surface Topology
title_full_unstemmed Computational Investigation of Aerodynamic Behaviour in Rubber O-Ring: Effects of Flow Velocity and Surface Topology
title_short Computational Investigation of Aerodynamic Behaviour in Rubber O-Ring: Effects of Flow Velocity and Surface Topology
title_sort computational investigation of aerodynamic behaviour in rubber o ring effects of flow velocity and surface topology
topic computational fluid dynamics
airflow
O-ring
velocity
surface roughness
Reynolds number
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/5006
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AT zulfiqarahmadkhan computationalinvestigationofaerodynamicbehaviourinrubberoringeffectsofflowvelocityandsurfacetopology