Comparative Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of Silver and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles-based Herbal Oral Rinse and Commercially Available Oral Rinse: An In-vitro Study
Introduction: Oral hygiene is a cornerstone of overall health and its importance in dentistry cannot be overstated. Maintaining good oral hygiene is essential not just for preventing tooth decay and gum disease but also for improving general health and well-being. Commercial oral rinses can be a use...
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JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2025-07-01
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| author | Saathvika Srinivasan Remmiya Mary Varghese Aravind Kumar Subramanian S Rajesh Kumar |
| author_facet | Saathvika Srinivasan Remmiya Mary Varghese Aravind Kumar Subramanian S Rajesh Kumar |
| author_sort | Saathvika Srinivasan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Oral hygiene is a cornerstone of overall health and its importance in dentistry cannot be overstated. Maintaining good oral hygiene is essential not just for preventing tooth decay and gum disease but also for improving general health and well-being. Commercial oral rinses can be a useful addition to an oral hygiene routine, but they are not a cure-all and should be used with caution. Although many commercial oral rinses are available in the market, the therapeutic effects of these products are questionable. In the present study, a unique oral rinse formulation incorporating African basil and black tulsi herbal extracts, combined with silver and zinc oxide nanocomposites (Ncs), was developed and assessed for its cytotoxic properties using the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay, with the aim of determine if the herbal oral rinse served as a safe and effective alternative to commercial oral rinses commonly used for oral hygiene.
Aim: To compare the cytotoxic effects of silver nanocomposite-based oral rinse and commercial oral rinse on mouse fibroblast cell viability using the MTT assay across a range of concentrations.
Materials and Methods: The present in-vitro study was conducted in the research laboratory of Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, over a period of six months starting from March 2024 and concluding on August 2024. In the present study, the green synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and Silver and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (AgNPs) was carried out utilising African basil and black tulsi extracts (Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimum) in the presence of a zinc nitrate solution (30 mM in 50 mL distilled water) and a 1 mM silver nitrate solution, respectively. Following the preparation of 100 mL of nanocomposite-based herbal oral rinse, mouse fibroblast cells were exposed to varying concentrations of nanocomposite-based oral rinse and commercial oral rinse (Listerine oral rinse) and cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. The test was repeated five times at each concentration and the cytotoxic effects of the oral rinses were compared. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the mean values between the two study groups {commercial oral rinse (group-1), nanocomposite oral rinse (group-2)} and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The commercial oral rinse used, Listerine (Listerine Oral Rinse-Johnson and Johnson Ltd., Kolhapur, India, Batch No: MK0068), exhibited a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect, with decreasing cell viability percentages as concentrations increased: 80% at 5 μg/mL down to 30% at 100 μg/mL. In comparison, the nanocomposite-based oral rinse also showed reduced cell viability with increasing concentrations but to a lesser extent: from 85% at 5 μg/mL to 35% at 100 μg/mL. The differences in cytotoxicity between the two oral rinses were evident across all concentrations tested, suggesting a potentially milder impact of the nanocomposite-based oral rinse on cell viability compared to commercial oral rinse. Silver nanocomposite-based oral rinse consistently maintained higher cell viability percentages compared to the commercial oral rinse across all tested concentrations, indicating a potentially milder cytotoxic impact on fibroblast cells.
Conclusion: The study demonstrates that nanocomposite-based oral rinse has a less cytotoxic impact on mouse fibroblast cells compared to commercial oral rinse. These results emphasise the potential benefits of nanocomposite-based formulations in oral care products for maintaining optimal cell viability. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1c73e2b5f662442a8bdcc7b1b1d0720e |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2249-782X 0973-709X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-1c73e2b5f662442a8bdcc7b1b1d0720e2025-08-20T03:14:10ZengJCDR Research and Publications Private LimitedJournal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research2249-782X0973-709X2025-07-01197ZC06ZC1010.7860/JCDR/2025/74813.21214Comparative Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of Silver and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles-based Herbal Oral Rinse and Commercially Available Oral Rinse: An In-vitro StudySaathvika Srinivasan0Remmiya Mary Varghese1Aravind Kumar Subramanian2S Rajesh Kumar3Postgraduate Student, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical College and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical College and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.Dean and Head, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical College and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.Professor, Department of Nano Biomedicine Laboratory, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical College and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.Introduction: Oral hygiene is a cornerstone of overall health and its importance in dentistry cannot be overstated. Maintaining good oral hygiene is essential not just for preventing tooth decay and gum disease but also for improving general health and well-being. Commercial oral rinses can be a useful addition to an oral hygiene routine, but they are not a cure-all and should be used with caution. Although many commercial oral rinses are available in the market, the therapeutic effects of these products are questionable. In the present study, a unique oral rinse formulation incorporating African basil and black tulsi herbal extracts, combined with silver and zinc oxide nanocomposites (Ncs), was developed and assessed for its cytotoxic properties using the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay, with the aim of determine if the herbal oral rinse served as a safe and effective alternative to commercial oral rinses commonly used for oral hygiene. Aim: To compare the cytotoxic effects of silver nanocomposite-based oral rinse and commercial oral rinse on mouse fibroblast cell viability using the MTT assay across a range of concentrations. Materials and Methods: The present in-vitro study was conducted in the research laboratory of Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, over a period of six months starting from March 2024 and concluding on August 2024. In the present study, the green synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and Silver and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (AgNPs) was carried out utilising African basil and black tulsi extracts (Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimum) in the presence of a zinc nitrate solution (30 mM in 50 mL distilled water) and a 1 mM silver nitrate solution, respectively. Following the preparation of 100 mL of nanocomposite-based herbal oral rinse, mouse fibroblast cells were exposed to varying concentrations of nanocomposite-based oral rinse and commercial oral rinse (Listerine oral rinse) and cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. The test was repeated five times at each concentration and the cytotoxic effects of the oral rinses were compared. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the mean values between the two study groups {commercial oral rinse (group-1), nanocomposite oral rinse (group-2)} and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The commercial oral rinse used, Listerine (Listerine Oral Rinse-Johnson and Johnson Ltd., Kolhapur, India, Batch No: MK0068), exhibited a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect, with decreasing cell viability percentages as concentrations increased: 80% at 5 μg/mL down to 30% at 100 μg/mL. In comparison, the nanocomposite-based oral rinse also showed reduced cell viability with increasing concentrations but to a lesser extent: from 85% at 5 μg/mL to 35% at 100 μg/mL. The differences in cytotoxicity between the two oral rinses were evident across all concentrations tested, suggesting a potentially milder impact of the nanocomposite-based oral rinse on cell viability compared to commercial oral rinse. Silver nanocomposite-based oral rinse consistently maintained higher cell viability percentages compared to the commercial oral rinse across all tested concentrations, indicating a potentially milder cytotoxic impact on fibroblast cells. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that nanocomposite-based oral rinse has a less cytotoxic impact on mouse fibroblast cells compared to commercial oral rinse. These results emphasise the potential benefits of nanocomposite-based formulations in oral care products for maintaining optimal cell viability.https://jcdr.net/article_fulltext.asp?issn=0973-709x&year=2025&month=July&volume=19&issue=7&page=ZC06-ZC10&id=21214biocompatiblecell viabilitycommercial oral rinsenanocomposite-based oral rinse |
| spellingShingle | Saathvika Srinivasan Remmiya Mary Varghese Aravind Kumar Subramanian S Rajesh Kumar Comparative Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of Silver and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles-based Herbal Oral Rinse and Commercially Available Oral Rinse: An In-vitro Study Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research biocompatible cell viability commercial oral rinse nanocomposite-based oral rinse |
| title | Comparative Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of Silver and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles-based Herbal Oral Rinse and Commercially Available Oral Rinse: An In-vitro Study |
| title_full | Comparative Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of Silver and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles-based Herbal Oral Rinse and Commercially Available Oral Rinse: An In-vitro Study |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of Silver and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles-based Herbal Oral Rinse and Commercially Available Oral Rinse: An In-vitro Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of Silver and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles-based Herbal Oral Rinse and Commercially Available Oral Rinse: An In-vitro Study |
| title_short | Comparative Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of Silver and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles-based Herbal Oral Rinse and Commercially Available Oral Rinse: An In-vitro Study |
| title_sort | comparative evaluation of cytotoxicity of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles based herbal oral rinse and commercially available oral rinse an in vitro study |
| topic | biocompatible cell viability commercial oral rinse nanocomposite-based oral rinse |
| url | https://jcdr.net/article_fulltext.asp?issn=0973-709x&year=2025&month=July&volume=19&issue=7&page=ZC06-ZC10&id=21214 |
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