Control of glycaemia and its related factors in patients with type 2 diabetes, north of Iran: generalized linear mixed models and prevalence of overdispersion in patients

Background & Aims:  Glycemic control is very important to prevent or suspend complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (PT2D). The aim of this study was to investigate the status of glycemic control and its related factors in patients with type 2 diabetes (PT2D) based on HbA1c, fasting bloo...

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Main Authors: Samaneh Hosseinzadeh, Saeideh Davar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Urmia University of Medical Sciences 2024-11-01
Series:Health Science Monitor
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Online Access:http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-182-en.pdf
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author Samaneh Hosseinzadeh
Saeideh Davar
author_facet Samaneh Hosseinzadeh
Saeideh Davar
author_sort Samaneh Hosseinzadeh
collection DOAJ
description Background & Aims:  Glycemic control is very important to prevent or suspend complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (PT2D). The aim of this study was to investigate the status of glycemic control and its related factors in patients with type 2 diabetes (PT2D) based on HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, and non-fasting blood glucose levels in Golestan Province, Northern Iran. Materials & Methods: The study employed a retrospective cohort design, collecting data longitudinally and retrospectively from 500 patients with type 2 diabetes (PT2D) who were referred to health centers in Golestan Province between 2013 and 2016 (every three months). The study focused on hbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and non-fasting blood glucose (NFBG) levels, which were recorded as binary data (1 = abnormal; if the value exceeded its cut point), indicating a lack of control over these markers. The Index of Glycemic Control (IGC) was calculated for each patient, with an IGC of 3 indicating inadequate glycemic control. Related factors were analyzed using a generalized linear mixed model with a beta-binomial distribution. Results: The results indicated that 93% of patients had an Index of Glycemic Control (IGC) equal to 3 in the first year, and this percentage decreased to 60.7% by the third year. The downward trend in IGC was gradual over the three years. Factors contributing to poor glycemic control included younger age, shorter duration of diabetes care, elevated blood lipid levels, high blood pressure, insulin therapy, and overweight or obesity as indicated by BMI. Conclusion: The results obtained from the samples in Golestan Province indicate inadequate blood glucose control and poor quality of care. It is essential to implement more intensive diabetes management strategies within national healthcare plans.
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spelling doaj-art-1c724f4d9c50424db56524b666aa42bc2025-08-20T02:49:08ZengUrmia University of Medical SciencesHealth Science Monitor2980-87232024-11-0134358367Control of glycaemia and its related factors in patients with type 2 diabetes, north of Iran: generalized linear mixed models and prevalence of overdispersion in patientsSamaneh Hosseinzadeh0Saeideh Davar1 Department of Biostatistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Epidemiology Biostatistics, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Background & Aims:  Glycemic control is very important to prevent or suspend complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (PT2D). The aim of this study was to investigate the status of glycemic control and its related factors in patients with type 2 diabetes (PT2D) based on HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, and non-fasting blood glucose levels in Golestan Province, Northern Iran. Materials & Methods: The study employed a retrospective cohort design, collecting data longitudinally and retrospectively from 500 patients with type 2 diabetes (PT2D) who were referred to health centers in Golestan Province between 2013 and 2016 (every three months). The study focused on hbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and non-fasting blood glucose (NFBG) levels, which were recorded as binary data (1 = abnormal; if the value exceeded its cut point), indicating a lack of control over these markers. The Index of Glycemic Control (IGC) was calculated for each patient, with an IGC of 3 indicating inadequate glycemic control. Related factors were analyzed using a generalized linear mixed model with a beta-binomial distribution. Results: The results indicated that 93% of patients had an Index of Glycemic Control (IGC) equal to 3 in the first year, and this percentage decreased to 60.7% by the third year. The downward trend in IGC was gradual over the three years. Factors contributing to poor glycemic control included younger age, shorter duration of diabetes care, elevated blood lipid levels, high blood pressure, insulin therapy, and overweight or obesity as indicated by BMI. Conclusion: The results obtained from the samples in Golestan Province indicate inadequate blood glucose control and poor quality of care. It is essential to implement more intensive diabetes management strategies within national healthcare plans.http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-182-en.pdfblood pressurebmifasting blood glucosegeneralized linear mixed modelshba1clong-term careoverdispersion
spellingShingle Samaneh Hosseinzadeh
Saeideh Davar
Control of glycaemia and its related factors in patients with type 2 diabetes, north of Iran: generalized linear mixed models and prevalence of overdispersion in patients
Health Science Monitor
blood pressure
bmi
fasting blood glucose
generalized linear mixed models
hba1c
long-term care
overdispersion
title Control of glycaemia and its related factors in patients with type 2 diabetes, north of Iran: generalized linear mixed models and prevalence of overdispersion in patients
title_full Control of glycaemia and its related factors in patients with type 2 diabetes, north of Iran: generalized linear mixed models and prevalence of overdispersion in patients
title_fullStr Control of glycaemia and its related factors in patients with type 2 diabetes, north of Iran: generalized linear mixed models and prevalence of overdispersion in patients
title_full_unstemmed Control of glycaemia and its related factors in patients with type 2 diabetes, north of Iran: generalized linear mixed models and prevalence of overdispersion in patients
title_short Control of glycaemia and its related factors in patients with type 2 diabetes, north of Iran: generalized linear mixed models and prevalence of overdispersion in patients
title_sort control of glycaemia and its related factors in patients with type 2 diabetes north of iran generalized linear mixed models and prevalence of overdispersion in patients
topic blood pressure
bmi
fasting blood glucose
generalized linear mixed models
hba1c
long-term care
overdispersion
url http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-182-en.pdf
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AT saeidehdavar controlofglycaemiaanditsrelatedfactorsinpatientswithtype2diabetesnorthofirangeneralizedlinearmixedmodelsandprevalenceofoverdispersioninpatients