Enhanced Supermode Stability in Weakly Anti-Guided Dual-Cavity Photonic Crystal VCSEL Arrays
We report on 940 nm dual-cavity photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays fabricated at a commercial foundry. These arrays leverage an anti-guided design enabled by reduced electrical resistance between optically coupled cavities. Characterization of output power and far...
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Photonics Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10985754/ |
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| author | Dan W. Pflug Chloe Armstrong Erin Raftery Nusrat Jahan William North Luke Graham Jim Tatum Kent D. Choquette |
| author_facet | Dan W. Pflug Chloe Armstrong Erin Raftery Nusrat Jahan William North Luke Graham Jim Tatum Kent D. Choquette |
| author_sort | Dan W. Pflug |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We report on 940 nm dual-cavity photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays fabricated at a commercial foundry. These arrays leverage an anti-guided design enabled by reduced electrical resistance between optically coupled cavities. Characterization of output power and far-field beam profiles reveals distinct in-phase and out-of-phase supermode operation across expanded regions of coherent operation. A maximum output power in either supermode exceeding 4 mW under continuous wave operation is achieved. An iterative analysis of the cross-talk currents highlights their role in stabilizing supermode operation by enabling inter-cavity current coupling. Our results demonstrate that these arrays provide robust and stable coherent supermode lasing using a wide range of current combinations. The ability to selectively operate in either distinct supermode, combining the output from two elements, positions these VCSEL arrays as promising candidates for high-brightness applications requiring efficient beam control. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1c714a60746f47e0b2c8be446f1240f6 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1943-0655 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Photonics Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-1c714a60746f47e0b2c8be446f1240f62025-08-20T03:07:14ZengIEEEIEEE Photonics Journal1943-06552025-01-011731410.1109/JPHOT.2025.356698610985754Enhanced Supermode Stability in Weakly Anti-Guided Dual-Cavity Photonic Crystal VCSEL ArraysDan W. Pflug0https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0864-4023Chloe Armstrong1Erin Raftery2https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3055-5053Nusrat Jahan3William North4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7852-948XLuke Graham5Jim Tatum6Kent D. Choquette7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6399-5733Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USAUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USAUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USADallas Quantum Devices, Mckinney, TX, USADallas Quantum Devices, Mckinney, TX, USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USAWe report on 940 nm dual-cavity photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays fabricated at a commercial foundry. These arrays leverage an anti-guided design enabled by reduced electrical resistance between optically coupled cavities. Characterization of output power and far-field beam profiles reveals distinct in-phase and out-of-phase supermode operation across expanded regions of coherent operation. A maximum output power in either supermode exceeding 4 mW under continuous wave operation is achieved. An iterative analysis of the cross-talk currents highlights their role in stabilizing supermode operation by enabling inter-cavity current coupling. Our results demonstrate that these arrays provide robust and stable coherent supermode lasing using a wide range of current combinations. The ability to selectively operate in either distinct supermode, combining the output from two elements, positions these VCSEL arrays as promising candidates for high-brightness applications requiring efficient beam control.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10985754/Vertical cavity surface emitting laserscoherent laser arraysbeam combiningoptically coupled cavities |
| spellingShingle | Dan W. Pflug Chloe Armstrong Erin Raftery Nusrat Jahan William North Luke Graham Jim Tatum Kent D. Choquette Enhanced Supermode Stability in Weakly Anti-Guided Dual-Cavity Photonic Crystal VCSEL Arrays IEEE Photonics Journal Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers coherent laser arrays beam combining optically coupled cavities |
| title | Enhanced Supermode Stability in Weakly Anti-Guided Dual-Cavity Photonic Crystal VCSEL Arrays |
| title_full | Enhanced Supermode Stability in Weakly Anti-Guided Dual-Cavity Photonic Crystal VCSEL Arrays |
| title_fullStr | Enhanced Supermode Stability in Weakly Anti-Guided Dual-Cavity Photonic Crystal VCSEL Arrays |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhanced Supermode Stability in Weakly Anti-Guided Dual-Cavity Photonic Crystal VCSEL Arrays |
| title_short | Enhanced Supermode Stability in Weakly Anti-Guided Dual-Cavity Photonic Crystal VCSEL Arrays |
| title_sort | enhanced supermode stability in weakly anti guided dual cavity photonic crystal vcsel arrays |
| topic | Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers coherent laser arrays beam combining optically coupled cavities |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10985754/ |
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