The Effect of Depression and Stress Hormones on the Development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of depression and stress hormones on the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant women diagnosed with GDM using serum cortisol, plasma adrenaline (A), plasma noradrenaline (NA), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Meth...

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Main Authors: Ayşe Özlüer, Yüksel Onaran, Ebru Aydoğan, Enes Üçgül, Hüseyin Demirci, Hüseyin Yeşilyurt
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Galenos Publishing House 2025-07-01
Series:Gazi Medical Journal
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Online Access:https://gazimedj.com/articles/the-effect-of-depression-and-stress-hormones-on-the-development-of-gestational-diabetes-mellitus/doi/gmj.2025.4413
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author Ayşe Özlüer
Yüksel Onaran
Ebru Aydoğan
Enes Üçgül
Hüseyin Demirci
Hüseyin Yeşilyurt
author_facet Ayşe Özlüer
Yüksel Onaran
Ebru Aydoğan
Enes Üçgül
Hüseyin Demirci
Hüseyin Yeşilyurt
author_sort Ayşe Özlüer
collection DOAJ
description Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of depression and stress hormones on the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant women diagnosed with GDM using serum cortisol, plasma adrenaline (A), plasma noradrenaline (NA), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Methods: 70 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM were included in the patient group, and 70 pregnant women without GDM were included in the control group. International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group criteria were used for the diagnosis of GDM. Single-step 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was performed at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Serum cortisol, A, and NA levels were measured. BDI was used to investigate depressive symptoms. Results: The patient and control groups were similar in terms of age, BMI gravidity, and parity. When compared with the control group, A and NA levels were significantly higher in the patient group (p=0.016, p=0.033, respectively). BDI results in the patient group were similar to those in the control group (p=0.151). The mean A levels of 33 pregnant women with minimal depression were 110.59±35.03 pg/mL, the mean A levels of 31 pregnant women with mild depression were 126.65±22.33 pg/mL, and the mean A levels of pregnant women with moderate depression were 95.09±30.86 pg/mL. This difference was statistically significant (p=0.005). Conclusion: This study suggests that the sympathoadrenal system may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of GDM in pregnant women rather than depression. However, larger prospective studies are needed to further elucidate the relationship between depression, stress hormones, and GDM.
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series Gazi Medical Journal
spelling doaj-art-1c654a8d38bb49a9affffaf2ddbf06bc2025-08-20T03:28:20ZengGalenos Publishing HouseGazi Medical Journal2147-20922025-07-0136331532010.12996/gmj.2025.4413The Effect of Depression and Stress Hormones on the Development of Gestational Diabetes MellitusAyşe Özlüer0https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3001-9051Yüksel Onaran1https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3063-3409Ebru Aydoğan2https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7939-742XEnes Üçgül3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6858-751XHüseyin Demirci4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0737-2360Hüseyin Yeşilyurt5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2688-9285Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konya Ereğli State Hospital, Konya, TürkiyeClinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, TürkiyeDepartment of Occupational Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, TürkiyeClinic of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences Türkiye, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, TürkiyeClinic of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences Türkiye, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, TürkiyeClinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, TürkiyeObjective: This study aims to determine the effect of depression and stress hormones on the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant women diagnosed with GDM using serum cortisol, plasma adrenaline (A), plasma noradrenaline (NA), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Methods: 70 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM were included in the patient group, and 70 pregnant women without GDM were included in the control group. International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group criteria were used for the diagnosis of GDM. Single-step 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was performed at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Serum cortisol, A, and NA levels were measured. BDI was used to investigate depressive symptoms. Results: The patient and control groups were similar in terms of age, BMI gravidity, and parity. When compared with the control group, A and NA levels were significantly higher in the patient group (p=0.016, p=0.033, respectively). BDI results in the patient group were similar to those in the control group (p=0.151). The mean A levels of 33 pregnant women with minimal depression were 110.59±35.03 pg/mL, the mean A levels of 31 pregnant women with mild depression were 126.65±22.33 pg/mL, and the mean A levels of pregnant women with moderate depression were 95.09±30.86 pg/mL. This difference was statistically significant (p=0.005). Conclusion: This study suggests that the sympathoadrenal system may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of GDM in pregnant women rather than depression. However, larger prospective studies are needed to further elucidate the relationship between depression, stress hormones, and GDM.https://gazimedj.com/articles/the-effect-of-depression-and-stress-hormones-on-the-development-of-gestational-diabetes-mellitus/doi/gmj.2025.4413gestational diabetesdepressionadrenalinenoradrenalinecortisolsympathoadrenal axis
spellingShingle Ayşe Özlüer
Yüksel Onaran
Ebru Aydoğan
Enes Üçgül
Hüseyin Demirci
Hüseyin Yeşilyurt
The Effect of Depression and Stress Hormones on the Development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Gazi Medical Journal
gestational diabetes
depression
adrenaline
noradrenaline
cortisol
sympathoadrenal axis
title The Effect of Depression and Stress Hormones on the Development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
title_full The Effect of Depression and Stress Hormones on the Development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
title_fullStr The Effect of Depression and Stress Hormones on the Development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
title_full_unstemmed The Effect of Depression and Stress Hormones on the Development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
title_short The Effect of Depression and Stress Hormones on the Development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
title_sort effect of depression and stress hormones on the development of gestational diabetes mellitus
topic gestational diabetes
depression
adrenaline
noradrenaline
cortisol
sympathoadrenal axis
url https://gazimedj.com/articles/the-effect-of-depression-and-stress-hormones-on-the-development-of-gestational-diabetes-mellitus/doi/gmj.2025.4413
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