Democratization of Point-of-Care Viral Biosensors: Bridging the Gap from Academia to the Clinic

The COVID-19 pandemic and recent viral outbreaks have highlighted the need for viral diagnostics that balance accuracy with accessibility. While traditional laboratory methods remain essential, point-of-care solutions are critical for decentralized testing at the population level. However, a gap per...

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Main Authors: Westley Van Zant, Partha Ray
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Biosensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/7/436
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author Westley Van Zant
Partha Ray
author_facet Westley Van Zant
Partha Ray
author_sort Westley Van Zant
collection DOAJ
description The COVID-19 pandemic and recent viral outbreaks have highlighted the need for viral diagnostics that balance accuracy with accessibility. While traditional laboratory methods remain essential, point-of-care solutions are critical for decentralized testing at the population level. However, a gap persists between academic proof-of-concept studies and clinically viable tools, with novel technologies remaining inaccessible to clinics due to cost, complexity, training, and logistical constraints. Recent advances in surface functionalization, assay simplification, multiplexing, and performance in complex media have improved the feasibility of both optical and non-optical sensing techniques. These innovations, coupled with scalable manufacturing methods such as 3D printing and streamlined hardware production, pave the way for practical deployment in real-world settings. Additionally, software-assisted data interpretation, through simplified readouts, smartphone integration, and machine learning, enables the broader use of diagnostics once limited to experts. This review explores improvements in viral diagnostic approaches, including colorimetric, optical, and electrochemical assays, showcasing their potential for democratization efforts targeting the clinic. We also examine trends such as open-source hardware, modular assay design, and standardized reporting, which collectively reduce barriers to clinical adoption and the public dissemination of information. By analyzing these interdisciplinary advances, we demonstrate how emerging technologies can mature into accessible, low-cost diagnostic tools for widespread testing.
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spelling doaj-art-1c613a6cd4164f179c1b9b30c52a6fb22025-08-20T03:08:10ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742025-07-0115743610.3390/bios15070436Democratization of Point-of-Care Viral Biosensors: Bridging the Gap from Academia to the ClinicWestley Van Zant0Partha Ray1Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USADepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USAThe COVID-19 pandemic and recent viral outbreaks have highlighted the need for viral diagnostics that balance accuracy with accessibility. While traditional laboratory methods remain essential, point-of-care solutions are critical for decentralized testing at the population level. However, a gap persists between academic proof-of-concept studies and clinically viable tools, with novel technologies remaining inaccessible to clinics due to cost, complexity, training, and logistical constraints. Recent advances in surface functionalization, assay simplification, multiplexing, and performance in complex media have improved the feasibility of both optical and non-optical sensing techniques. These innovations, coupled with scalable manufacturing methods such as 3D printing and streamlined hardware production, pave the way for practical deployment in real-world settings. Additionally, software-assisted data interpretation, through simplified readouts, smartphone integration, and machine learning, enables the broader use of diagnostics once limited to experts. This review explores improvements in viral diagnostic approaches, including colorimetric, optical, and electrochemical assays, showcasing their potential for democratization efforts targeting the clinic. We also examine trends such as open-source hardware, modular assay design, and standardized reporting, which collectively reduce barriers to clinical adoption and the public dissemination of information. By analyzing these interdisciplinary advances, we demonstrate how emerging technologies can mature into accessible, low-cost diagnostic tools for widespread testing.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/7/436biosensorsaccessible diagnosticspoint-of-care (POC) testingdemocratization
spellingShingle Westley Van Zant
Partha Ray
Democratization of Point-of-Care Viral Biosensors: Bridging the Gap from Academia to the Clinic
Biosensors
biosensors
accessible diagnostics
point-of-care (POC) testing
democratization
title Democratization of Point-of-Care Viral Biosensors: Bridging the Gap from Academia to the Clinic
title_full Democratization of Point-of-Care Viral Biosensors: Bridging the Gap from Academia to the Clinic
title_fullStr Democratization of Point-of-Care Viral Biosensors: Bridging the Gap from Academia to the Clinic
title_full_unstemmed Democratization of Point-of-Care Viral Biosensors: Bridging the Gap from Academia to the Clinic
title_short Democratization of Point-of-Care Viral Biosensors: Bridging the Gap from Academia to the Clinic
title_sort democratization of point of care viral biosensors bridging the gap from academia to the clinic
topic biosensors
accessible diagnostics
point-of-care (POC) testing
democratization
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/7/436
work_keys_str_mv AT westleyvanzant democratizationofpointofcareviralbiosensorsbridgingthegapfromacademiatotheclinic
AT partharay democratizationofpointofcareviralbiosensorsbridgingthegapfromacademiatotheclinic