Phosphorus and Silicon Modified Alginate as an Efficient Flame Retardant for Poly(lactic acid)

Abstract The introduction of biobased carbon sources in intumescent flame retardant formulations is extensively explored, particularly for biopolymers such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA). In this work, the flame retardant efficiency of alginate, a favorable renewable charring agent candidate, is enhance...

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Main Authors: Kata Enikő Decsov, Viktória Cserni, Beáta Szolnoki, Olga Krafcsik, Katalin Bocz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley-VCH 2024-12-01
Series:Macromolecular Materials and Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202400194
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author Kata Enikő Decsov
Viktória Cserni
Beáta Szolnoki
Olga Krafcsik
Katalin Bocz
author_facet Kata Enikő Decsov
Viktória Cserni
Beáta Szolnoki
Olga Krafcsik
Katalin Bocz
author_sort Kata Enikő Decsov
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The introduction of biobased carbon sources in intumescent flame retardant formulations is extensively explored, particularly for biopolymers such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA). In this work, the flame retardant efficiency of alginate, a favorable renewable charring agent candidate, is enhanced by chemical modification with a phosphorus‐ and silicon‐containing compound and subsequent coagulation in the presence of Ca2+ ions. The simultaneous presence of P and Si atoms in the reactive compound is shown to be an effective way to avoid thermal stability issues related to the biobased carbohydrate. The newly synthesized PSilAlg additive boosts the flame‐retardant effectiveness of ammonium‐polyphosphate (APP) at low loadings. Adding 5 wt% PSilAlg to 15 wt% APP containing PLA composite increases the limiting oxygen index from 26.0 to 34.0 vol% and decreases the total heat emission during combustion by 46%, accompanied by significantly (by 66%) reduced smoke production. The outstanding flame retardant performance of PSilAlg is attributed to the high amount and thermally stable carbonaceous fire‐protecting layer that forms as a result of the enhanced charring, catalyzed by the high oxidation state P, and the strengthening mechanism of inorganic silicates and calcium salts.
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issn 1438-7492
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language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
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series Macromolecular Materials and Engineering
spelling doaj-art-1c5d2b524fa8411fb3e2f532ddad1bab2025-08-20T02:49:35ZengWiley-VCHMacromolecular Materials and Engineering1438-74921439-20542024-12-0130912n/an/a10.1002/mame.202400194Phosphorus and Silicon Modified Alginate as an Efficient Flame Retardant for Poly(lactic acid)Kata Enikő Decsov0Viktória Cserni1Beáta Szolnoki2Olga Krafcsik3Katalin Bocz4Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology Budapest University of Technology and Economics Műegyetem rkp. 3. Budapest H‐1111 HungaryDepartment of Organic Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology Budapest University of Technology and Economics Műegyetem rkp. 3. Budapest H‐1111 HungaryDepartment of Organic Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology Budapest University of Technology and Economics Műegyetem rkp. 3. Budapest H‐1111 HungaryDepartment of Atomic Physics Institute of Physics Budapest University of Technology and Economics Műegyetem rkp. 3. Budapest H‐1111 HungaryDepartment of Organic Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology Budapest University of Technology and Economics Műegyetem rkp. 3. Budapest H‐1111 HungaryAbstract The introduction of biobased carbon sources in intumescent flame retardant formulations is extensively explored, particularly for biopolymers such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA). In this work, the flame retardant efficiency of alginate, a favorable renewable charring agent candidate, is enhanced by chemical modification with a phosphorus‐ and silicon‐containing compound and subsequent coagulation in the presence of Ca2+ ions. The simultaneous presence of P and Si atoms in the reactive compound is shown to be an effective way to avoid thermal stability issues related to the biobased carbohydrate. The newly synthesized PSilAlg additive boosts the flame‐retardant effectiveness of ammonium‐polyphosphate (APP) at low loadings. Adding 5 wt% PSilAlg to 15 wt% APP containing PLA composite increases the limiting oxygen index from 26.0 to 34.0 vol% and decreases the total heat emission during combustion by 46%, accompanied by significantly (by 66%) reduced smoke production. The outstanding flame retardant performance of PSilAlg is attributed to the high amount and thermally stable carbonaceous fire‐protecting layer that forms as a result of the enhanced charring, catalyzed by the high oxidation state P, and the strengthening mechanism of inorganic silicates and calcium salts.https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202400194alginateschemical modificationsflame retardancyintumescencepoly(lactic acid)
spellingShingle Kata Enikő Decsov
Viktória Cserni
Beáta Szolnoki
Olga Krafcsik
Katalin Bocz
Phosphorus and Silicon Modified Alginate as an Efficient Flame Retardant for Poly(lactic acid)
Macromolecular Materials and Engineering
alginates
chemical modifications
flame retardancy
intumescence
poly(lactic acid)
title Phosphorus and Silicon Modified Alginate as an Efficient Flame Retardant for Poly(lactic acid)
title_full Phosphorus and Silicon Modified Alginate as an Efficient Flame Retardant for Poly(lactic acid)
title_fullStr Phosphorus and Silicon Modified Alginate as an Efficient Flame Retardant for Poly(lactic acid)
title_full_unstemmed Phosphorus and Silicon Modified Alginate as an Efficient Flame Retardant for Poly(lactic acid)
title_short Phosphorus and Silicon Modified Alginate as an Efficient Flame Retardant for Poly(lactic acid)
title_sort phosphorus and silicon modified alginate as an efficient flame retardant for poly lactic acid
topic alginates
chemical modifications
flame retardancy
intumescence
poly(lactic acid)
url https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202400194
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AT viktoriacserni phosphorusandsiliconmodifiedalginateasanefficientflameretardantforpolylacticacid
AT beataszolnoki phosphorusandsiliconmodifiedalginateasanefficientflameretardantforpolylacticacid
AT olgakrafcsik phosphorusandsiliconmodifiedalginateasanefficientflameretardantforpolylacticacid
AT katalinbocz phosphorusandsiliconmodifiedalginateasanefficientflameretardantforpolylacticacid