Comparison of Aging Effect of Ester Liquids and Mineral Oil in Semi-Uniform Field Geometry under Lightning Impulse Voltage and Standard Compliant AC Voltage Testing

This study examines and compares the breakdown and aging properties of five insulating liquids. Additionally, the influence of different voltage polarities on these properties was analyzed to investigate the effect of aging on polarity behavior under lightning impulse voltage in a semi-uniform field...

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Main Authors: Sabrina Krügel, Ronald Plath
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/19/4946
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author Sabrina Krügel
Ronald Plath
author_facet Sabrina Krügel
Ronald Plath
author_sort Sabrina Krügel
collection DOAJ
description This study examines and compares the breakdown and aging properties of five insulating liquids. Additionally, the influence of different voltage polarities on these properties was analyzed to investigate the effect of aging on polarity behavior under lightning impulse voltage in a semi-uniform field. The results were compared to standardized AC breakdown tests. After 2330 h and 4350 h of aging, changes were observed in key aging indicators such as water content (both absolute and relative), total acid number, and color across all liquids. Viscosity increased by up to 10% in natural esters. Notably, the rise in water content due to aging was concerning only for mineral oil, exceeding 20%. The impact of aging on breakdown voltage varied depending on the voltage type and polarity. Aging had the least effect under negative lightning impulse voltage, while the synthetic ester MIDEL 7131 exhibited the most significant reduction in breakdown voltage under positive lightning impulse voltage, dropping by over 24%, from more than 560 kV to 428 kV. In contrast, mineral oil showed only a 3% decrease. For the other liquids, the most pronounced reduction in breakdown voltage due to aging occurred under AC voltage, with natural esters showing a 17% decline, synthetic esters 26%, and mineral oil experiencing a 38% reduction.
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spelling doaj-art-1c5c4fdaf3794411b1d47e70be9fa41a2025-08-20T02:16:50ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732024-10-011719494610.3390/en17194946Comparison of Aging Effect of Ester Liquids and Mineral Oil in Semi-Uniform Field Geometry under Lightning Impulse Voltage and Standard Compliant AC Voltage TestingSabrina Krügel0Ronald Plath1Department of High Voltage Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Einsteinufer 11, 10587 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of High Voltage Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Einsteinufer 11, 10587 Berlin, GermanyThis study examines and compares the breakdown and aging properties of five insulating liquids. Additionally, the influence of different voltage polarities on these properties was analyzed to investigate the effect of aging on polarity behavior under lightning impulse voltage in a semi-uniform field. The results were compared to standardized AC breakdown tests. After 2330 h and 4350 h of aging, changes were observed in key aging indicators such as water content (both absolute and relative), total acid number, and color across all liquids. Viscosity increased by up to 10% in natural esters. Notably, the rise in water content due to aging was concerning only for mineral oil, exceeding 20%. The impact of aging on breakdown voltage varied depending on the voltage type and polarity. Aging had the least effect under negative lightning impulse voltage, while the synthetic ester MIDEL 7131 exhibited the most significant reduction in breakdown voltage under positive lightning impulse voltage, dropping by over 24%, from more than 560 kV to 428 kV. In contrast, mineral oil showed only a 3% decrease. For the other liquids, the most pronounced reduction in breakdown voltage due to aging occurred under AC voltage, with natural esters showing a 17% decline, synthetic esters 26%, and mineral oil experiencing a 38% reduction.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/19/4946mineral oilesterbreakdown voltageaginglightning impulseAC voltage
spellingShingle Sabrina Krügel
Ronald Plath
Comparison of Aging Effect of Ester Liquids and Mineral Oil in Semi-Uniform Field Geometry under Lightning Impulse Voltage and Standard Compliant AC Voltage Testing
Energies
mineral oil
ester
breakdown voltage
aging
lightning impulse
AC voltage
title Comparison of Aging Effect of Ester Liquids and Mineral Oil in Semi-Uniform Field Geometry under Lightning Impulse Voltage and Standard Compliant AC Voltage Testing
title_full Comparison of Aging Effect of Ester Liquids and Mineral Oil in Semi-Uniform Field Geometry under Lightning Impulse Voltage and Standard Compliant AC Voltage Testing
title_fullStr Comparison of Aging Effect of Ester Liquids and Mineral Oil in Semi-Uniform Field Geometry under Lightning Impulse Voltage and Standard Compliant AC Voltage Testing
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of Aging Effect of Ester Liquids and Mineral Oil in Semi-Uniform Field Geometry under Lightning Impulse Voltage and Standard Compliant AC Voltage Testing
title_short Comparison of Aging Effect of Ester Liquids and Mineral Oil in Semi-Uniform Field Geometry under Lightning Impulse Voltage and Standard Compliant AC Voltage Testing
title_sort comparison of aging effect of ester liquids and mineral oil in semi uniform field geometry under lightning impulse voltage and standard compliant ac voltage testing
topic mineral oil
ester
breakdown voltage
aging
lightning impulse
AC voltage
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/19/4946
work_keys_str_mv AT sabrinakrugel comparisonofagingeffectofesterliquidsandmineraloilinsemiuniformfieldgeometryunderlightningimpulsevoltageandstandardcompliantacvoltagetesting
AT ronaldplath comparisonofagingeffectofesterliquidsandmineraloilinsemiuniformfieldgeometryunderlightningimpulsevoltageandstandardcompliantacvoltagetesting