In vivo sonic hedgehog pathway antagonism temporarily results in ancestral proto-feather-like structures in the chicken.

The morphological intricacies of avian feathers make them an ideal model for investigating embryonic patterning and morphogenesis. In particular, the sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway is an important mediator of feather outgrowth and branching. However, functional in vivo evidence regarding its role duri...

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Main Authors: Rory L Cooper, Michel C Milinkovitch
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-03-01
Series:PLoS Biology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003061
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author Rory L Cooper
Michel C Milinkovitch
author_facet Rory L Cooper
Michel C Milinkovitch
author_sort Rory L Cooper
collection DOAJ
description The morphological intricacies of avian feathers make them an ideal model for investigating embryonic patterning and morphogenesis. In particular, the sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway is an important mediator of feather outgrowth and branching. However, functional in vivo evidence regarding its role during feather development remains limited. Here, we demonstrate that an intravenous injection of sonidegib, a potent Shh pathway inhibitor, at embryonic day 9 (E9) temporarily produces striped domains (instead of spots) of Shh expression in the skin, arrests morphogenesis, and results in unbranched and non-invaginated feather buds-akin to proto-feathers-in embryos until E14. Although feather morphogenesis partially recovers, hatched treated chickens exhibit naked skin regions with perturbed follicles. Remarkably, these follicles are subsequently reactivated by seven weeks post-hatching. Our RNA-sequencing data and rescue experiment using Shh-agonism confirm that sonidegib specifically down-regulates Shh pathway activity. Overall, we provide functional evidence for the role of the Shh pathway in mediating feather morphogenesis and confirm its role in the evolutionary emergence and diversification of feathers.
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spelling doaj-art-1c5a8dd9770140c996c7d60fd875073a2025-08-20T02:23:00ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Biology1544-91731545-78852025-03-01233e300306110.1371/journal.pbio.3003061In vivo sonic hedgehog pathway antagonism temporarily results in ancestral proto-feather-like structures in the chicken.Rory L CooperMichel C MilinkovitchThe morphological intricacies of avian feathers make them an ideal model for investigating embryonic patterning and morphogenesis. In particular, the sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway is an important mediator of feather outgrowth and branching. However, functional in vivo evidence regarding its role during feather development remains limited. Here, we demonstrate that an intravenous injection of sonidegib, a potent Shh pathway inhibitor, at embryonic day 9 (E9) temporarily produces striped domains (instead of spots) of Shh expression in the skin, arrests morphogenesis, and results in unbranched and non-invaginated feather buds-akin to proto-feathers-in embryos until E14. Although feather morphogenesis partially recovers, hatched treated chickens exhibit naked skin regions with perturbed follicles. Remarkably, these follicles are subsequently reactivated by seven weeks post-hatching. Our RNA-sequencing data and rescue experiment using Shh-agonism confirm that sonidegib specifically down-regulates Shh pathway activity. Overall, we provide functional evidence for the role of the Shh pathway in mediating feather morphogenesis and confirm its role in the evolutionary emergence and diversification of feathers.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003061
spellingShingle Rory L Cooper
Michel C Milinkovitch
In vivo sonic hedgehog pathway antagonism temporarily results in ancestral proto-feather-like structures in the chicken.
PLoS Biology
title In vivo sonic hedgehog pathway antagonism temporarily results in ancestral proto-feather-like structures in the chicken.
title_full In vivo sonic hedgehog pathway antagonism temporarily results in ancestral proto-feather-like structures in the chicken.
title_fullStr In vivo sonic hedgehog pathway antagonism temporarily results in ancestral proto-feather-like structures in the chicken.
title_full_unstemmed In vivo sonic hedgehog pathway antagonism temporarily results in ancestral proto-feather-like structures in the chicken.
title_short In vivo sonic hedgehog pathway antagonism temporarily results in ancestral proto-feather-like structures in the chicken.
title_sort in vivo sonic hedgehog pathway antagonism temporarily results in ancestral proto feather like structures in the chicken
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003061
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AT michelcmilinkovitch invivosonichedgehogpathwayantagonismtemporarilyresultsinancestralprotofeatherlikestructuresinthechicken