Effects of the Combination of Chemical Pretreatments and Dry Grinding of the <i>Arundo donax</i> L. Plant

<i>Arundo donax</i> L. is a plant with great potential as lignocellulosic biomass, being a promising source for the development of biodegradable materials. This study evaluated the effects of different chemical pretreatments (H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, NaOH, and...

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Main Authors: Patricia O. Schmitt, Débora da S. Rodrigues, Matheus de P. Goularte, Silvia H. F. da Silva, Marcilio M. Morais, Darci A. Gatto, Cláudia F. Lemons e Silva, Camila M. Cholant, André L. Missio
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Macromol
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6209/5/1/4
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author Patricia O. Schmitt
Débora da S. Rodrigues
Matheus de P. Goularte
Silvia H. F. da Silva
Marcilio M. Morais
Darci A. Gatto
Cláudia F. Lemons e Silva
Camila M. Cholant
André L. Missio
author_facet Patricia O. Schmitt
Débora da S. Rodrigues
Matheus de P. Goularte
Silvia H. F. da Silva
Marcilio M. Morais
Darci A. Gatto
Cláudia F. Lemons e Silva
Camila M. Cholant
André L. Missio
author_sort Patricia O. Schmitt
collection DOAJ
description <i>Arundo donax</i> L. is a plant with great potential as lignocellulosic biomass, being a promising source for the development of biodegradable materials. This study evaluated the effects of different chemical pretreatments (H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, NaOH, and NaClO) combined with dry milling on the physicochemical properties of biomass. Pretreatment with NaClO was the most effective in removing lignin, reducing its content to 0.2%, while increasing the cellulose content to 67%. Pretreatment with H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, although retaining a higher lignin content (24%), resulted in the greatest reduction in particle size, reaching a mean diameter (Dm) of 44.31 µm after 20 h of milling. Density analysis revealed that the raw samples reached a maximum density of 0.218 g/cm<sup>3</sup> after 20 h of milling, with the pretreated samples showing lower densities due to the removal of structural components. Thermal analysis showed mass losses of up to 66.4% for samples pretreated with NaClO after 10 h of milling, indicating significant structural changes and improved thermal stability. Morphological analysis via SEM demonstrated elongated and fine particles, with acid pretreatment resulting in the most pronounced structural changes. These findings highlight the efficiency of combining chemical and physical pretreatments to modify the structure of <i>A. donax</i> L., optimizing its properties for the production of high-performance biodegradable materials.
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spelling doaj-art-1c580d73ee5b47d1bf59b2c12b4ec7a12025-08-20T01:49:00ZengMDPI AGMacromol2673-62092025-01-0151410.3390/macromol5010004Effects of the Combination of Chemical Pretreatments and Dry Grinding of the <i>Arundo donax</i> L. PlantPatricia O. Schmitt0Débora da S. Rodrigues1Matheus de P. Goularte2Silvia H. F. da Silva3Marcilio M. Morais4Darci A. Gatto5Cláudia F. Lemons e Silva6Camila M. Cholant7André L. Missio8Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, BrazilEngineering Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-450, RS, BrazilEngineering Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-450, RS, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, BrazilChemical Engineering, Federal University of Pampa, Bagé 96413-172, RS, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, BrazilEngineering Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-450, RS, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil<i>Arundo donax</i> L. is a plant with great potential as lignocellulosic biomass, being a promising source for the development of biodegradable materials. This study evaluated the effects of different chemical pretreatments (H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, NaOH, and NaClO) combined with dry milling on the physicochemical properties of biomass. Pretreatment with NaClO was the most effective in removing lignin, reducing its content to 0.2%, while increasing the cellulose content to 67%. Pretreatment with H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, although retaining a higher lignin content (24%), resulted in the greatest reduction in particle size, reaching a mean diameter (Dm) of 44.31 µm after 20 h of milling. Density analysis revealed that the raw samples reached a maximum density of 0.218 g/cm<sup>3</sup> after 20 h of milling, with the pretreated samples showing lower densities due to the removal of structural components. Thermal analysis showed mass losses of up to 66.4% for samples pretreated with NaClO after 10 h of milling, indicating significant structural changes and improved thermal stability. Morphological analysis via SEM demonstrated elongated and fine particles, with acid pretreatment resulting in the most pronounced structural changes. These findings highlight the efficiency of combining chemical and physical pretreatments to modify the structure of <i>A. donax</i> L., optimizing its properties for the production of high-performance biodegradable materials.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6209/5/1/4biomasslignocellulosic<i>Arundo donax</i> L.chemical delignificationball millparticle size distribution
spellingShingle Patricia O. Schmitt
Débora da S. Rodrigues
Matheus de P. Goularte
Silvia H. F. da Silva
Marcilio M. Morais
Darci A. Gatto
Cláudia F. Lemons e Silva
Camila M. Cholant
André L. Missio
Effects of the Combination of Chemical Pretreatments and Dry Grinding of the <i>Arundo donax</i> L. Plant
Macromol
biomass
lignocellulosic
<i>Arundo donax</i> L.
chemical delignification
ball mill
particle size distribution
title Effects of the Combination of Chemical Pretreatments and Dry Grinding of the <i>Arundo donax</i> L. Plant
title_full Effects of the Combination of Chemical Pretreatments and Dry Grinding of the <i>Arundo donax</i> L. Plant
title_fullStr Effects of the Combination of Chemical Pretreatments and Dry Grinding of the <i>Arundo donax</i> L. Plant
title_full_unstemmed Effects of the Combination of Chemical Pretreatments and Dry Grinding of the <i>Arundo donax</i> L. Plant
title_short Effects of the Combination of Chemical Pretreatments and Dry Grinding of the <i>Arundo donax</i> L. Plant
title_sort effects of the combination of chemical pretreatments and dry grinding of the i arundo donax i l plant
topic biomass
lignocellulosic
<i>Arundo donax</i> L.
chemical delignification
ball mill
particle size distribution
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6209/5/1/4
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