Prevalence and Genotyping of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> in Sheep from Inner Mongolia, China
Background: Paratuberculosis (PTB) is a chronic wasting disease mainly caused by <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> (MAP) in ruminants. It is difficult to diagnose, prevent, treat, and eradicate, thereby causing serious economic losses to the livestock...
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2025-04-01
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| author | Rong Zhang Yue-Rong Lv Bo Yang Hao Wang Jun-Tao Jia Zhi-Hong Wu Ming Nie Lian-Yang Sun Shi-Yuan Xue Yu-Lin Ding Rui-Bin Chen Siqin Tunala Li Zhao Yong-Hong Liu |
| author_facet | Rong Zhang Yue-Rong Lv Bo Yang Hao Wang Jun-Tao Jia Zhi-Hong Wu Ming Nie Lian-Yang Sun Shi-Yuan Xue Yu-Lin Ding Rui-Bin Chen Siqin Tunala Li Zhao Yong-Hong Liu |
| author_sort | Rong Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Paratuberculosis (PTB) is a chronic wasting disease mainly caused by <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> (MAP) in ruminants. It is difficult to diagnose, prevent, treat, and eradicate, thereby causing serious economic losses to the livestock industry. Therefore, finding a detection method with high sensitivity and specificity is crucial to preventing and controlling PTB. Methods: A total of 1585 fresh fecal samples were collected from 12 prefectures and cities across Inner Mongolia between March 2022 and October 2024. The samples were subjected to pretreatment, followed by DNA extraction. Subsequently, MAP detection and genotyping were performed using a two-step qPCR method. Results: The overall prevalence of MAP in ovines was 3.34% (53/1585), with the prevalence in 12 prefectures and cities ranging from 0% (0/100) to 7.73% (15/194). In the eastern, central, and western regions, the prevalence rates were 4.74% (31/654), 3.68% (14/394), and 1.49% (8/537); in small-scale and intensive farms, they were 3.23% (22/682), and 3.56% (31/903); and in goats and sheep, they were 0.91% (2/219) and 4.98% (36/723), respectively. The overall prevalence rates of C- and S-type MAP were 2.90% (46/1585) and 0.44% (7/1585), respectively. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to conduct an epidemiological investigation of PTB in sheep across all nine cities and three leagues in Inner Mongolia and to perform MAP typing on a large scale. It elucidated the differences in the prevalence of PTB in different regions of Inner Mongolia and found that geographical location and sheep breed are potential risk factors for the differences in MAP prevalence. Furthermore, it has been shown that C- and S-type MAP coexist in the eastern and central regions of Inner Mongolia. |
| format | Article |
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| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-1c4fa63ef80c49f88f72bbbc97ed4a322025-08-20T02:18:05ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812025-04-0112432610.3390/vetsci12040326Prevalence and Genotyping of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> in Sheep from Inner Mongolia, ChinaRong Zhang0Yue-Rong Lv1Bo Yang2Hao Wang3Jun-Tao Jia4Zhi-Hong Wu5Ming Nie6Lian-Yang Sun7Shi-Yuan Xue8Yu-Lin Ding9Rui-Bin Chen10Siqin Tunala11Li Zhao12Yong-Hong Liu13Otok Banner Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Ordos 016100, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, ChinaAnimal Disease Control Center of Ordos, Ordos 017000, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, ChinaVocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou 014109, ChinaAgriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Popularization Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010010, ChinaAlxa Left Banner Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Alxa Left Banner 750300, ChinaZhalantun Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Zhalantun 162650, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, ChinaOtok Banner Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Ordos 016100, ChinaOtok Banner Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Ordos 016100, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, ChinaBackground: Paratuberculosis (PTB) is a chronic wasting disease mainly caused by <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> (MAP) in ruminants. It is difficult to diagnose, prevent, treat, and eradicate, thereby causing serious economic losses to the livestock industry. Therefore, finding a detection method with high sensitivity and specificity is crucial to preventing and controlling PTB. Methods: A total of 1585 fresh fecal samples were collected from 12 prefectures and cities across Inner Mongolia between March 2022 and October 2024. The samples were subjected to pretreatment, followed by DNA extraction. Subsequently, MAP detection and genotyping were performed using a two-step qPCR method. Results: The overall prevalence of MAP in ovines was 3.34% (53/1585), with the prevalence in 12 prefectures and cities ranging from 0% (0/100) to 7.73% (15/194). In the eastern, central, and western regions, the prevalence rates were 4.74% (31/654), 3.68% (14/394), and 1.49% (8/537); in small-scale and intensive farms, they were 3.23% (22/682), and 3.56% (31/903); and in goats and sheep, they were 0.91% (2/219) and 4.98% (36/723), respectively. The overall prevalence rates of C- and S-type MAP were 2.90% (46/1585) and 0.44% (7/1585), respectively. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to conduct an epidemiological investigation of PTB in sheep across all nine cities and three leagues in Inner Mongolia and to perform MAP typing on a large scale. It elucidated the differences in the prevalence of PTB in different regions of Inner Mongolia and found that geographical location and sheep breed are potential risk factors for the differences in MAP prevalence. Furthermore, it has been shown that C- and S-type MAP coexist in the eastern and central regions of Inner Mongolia.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/4/326<i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i>qPCRprevalencegenotypeChina |
| spellingShingle | Rong Zhang Yue-Rong Lv Bo Yang Hao Wang Jun-Tao Jia Zhi-Hong Wu Ming Nie Lian-Yang Sun Shi-Yuan Xue Yu-Lin Ding Rui-Bin Chen Siqin Tunala Li Zhao Yong-Hong Liu Prevalence and Genotyping of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> in Sheep from Inner Mongolia, China Veterinary Sciences <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> qPCR prevalence genotype China |
| title | Prevalence and Genotyping of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> in Sheep from Inner Mongolia, China |
| title_full | Prevalence and Genotyping of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> in Sheep from Inner Mongolia, China |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and Genotyping of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> in Sheep from Inner Mongolia, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and Genotyping of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> in Sheep from Inner Mongolia, China |
| title_short | Prevalence and Genotyping of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> in Sheep from Inner Mongolia, China |
| title_sort | prevalence and genotyping of i mycobacterium avium i subsp i paratuberculosis i in sheep from inner mongolia china |
| topic | <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> qPCR prevalence genotype China |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/4/326 |
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