Prevalence and Genotyping of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> in Sheep from Inner Mongolia, China
Background: Paratuberculosis (PTB) is a chronic wasting disease mainly caused by <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> (MAP) in ruminants. It is difficult to diagnose, prevent, treat, and eradicate, thereby causing serious economic losses to the livestock...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/4/326 |
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| Summary: | Background: Paratuberculosis (PTB) is a chronic wasting disease mainly caused by <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> (MAP) in ruminants. It is difficult to diagnose, prevent, treat, and eradicate, thereby causing serious economic losses to the livestock industry. Therefore, finding a detection method with high sensitivity and specificity is crucial to preventing and controlling PTB. Methods: A total of 1585 fresh fecal samples were collected from 12 prefectures and cities across Inner Mongolia between March 2022 and October 2024. The samples were subjected to pretreatment, followed by DNA extraction. Subsequently, MAP detection and genotyping were performed using a two-step qPCR method. Results: The overall prevalence of MAP in ovines was 3.34% (53/1585), with the prevalence in 12 prefectures and cities ranging from 0% (0/100) to 7.73% (15/194). In the eastern, central, and western regions, the prevalence rates were 4.74% (31/654), 3.68% (14/394), and 1.49% (8/537); in small-scale and intensive farms, they were 3.23% (22/682), and 3.56% (31/903); and in goats and sheep, they were 0.91% (2/219) and 4.98% (36/723), respectively. The overall prevalence rates of C- and S-type MAP were 2.90% (46/1585) and 0.44% (7/1585), respectively. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to conduct an epidemiological investigation of PTB in sheep across all nine cities and three leagues in Inner Mongolia and to perform MAP typing on a large scale. It elucidated the differences in the prevalence of PTB in different regions of Inner Mongolia and found that geographical location and sheep breed are potential risk factors for the differences in MAP prevalence. Furthermore, it has been shown that C- and S-type MAP coexist in the eastern and central regions of Inner Mongolia. |
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| ISSN: | 2306-7381 |