The “Slightly Smiling Face” Emoji in WeChat: A Conversation Analytic Investigation

This study investigates the interactional functions of the “Slightly Smiling Face” (SSF) emoji in Chinese WeChat conversations through the lens of Conversation Analysis (CA). Drawing on 50 naturally occurring chat excerpts involving 12 participants across various relationship types, the study identi...

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Main Author: Zhuolei Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Columbia University Libraries 2025-07-01
Series:Studies in Applied Linguistics & TESOL
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journals.library.columbia.edu/index.php/lawandarts/%252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252509https:/journals.library.columbia.edu/index.php/SALT/article/view/14082
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author Zhuolei Li
author_facet Zhuolei Li
author_sort Zhuolei Li
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates the interactional functions of the “Slightly Smiling Face” (SSF) emoji in Chinese WeChat conversations through the lens of Conversation Analysis (CA). Drawing on 50 naturally occurring chat excerpts involving 12 participants across various relationship types, the study identifies three core uses of the SSF emoji: (1) signaling sequence-closing, (2) mitigating dispreferred actions, and (3) conveying disaffiliation without explicit disagreement. These functions parallel some of the roles traditionally fulfilled by nonverbal cues in face-to-face interactions, such as smiles or laughter tokens, revealing how digital communication retools physical gestures through symbolic surrogates. While prior research on emoji use often relies on statistical or multimodal analysis, this paper offers a context-sensitive examination that underscores how a single emoji can accomplish varied pragmatic work depending on sequential positioning and interactional context. By centering on a culturally embedded and pragmatically ambiguous emoji, the study contributes to the understanding of digital CA and broadens the scope of emoji research beyond Western platforms. 
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spelling doaj-art-1c3acffe4503443ca505d67acfc843cc2025-08-20T03:50:31ZengColumbia University LibrariesStudies in Applied Linguistics & TESOL2689-193X2025-07-0125110.52214/salt.v25i1.14082The “Slightly Smiling Face” Emoji in WeChat: A Conversation Analytic InvestigationZhuolei Li0Teachers College, Columbia UniversityThis study investigates the interactional functions of the “Slightly Smiling Face” (SSF) emoji in Chinese WeChat conversations through the lens of Conversation Analysis (CA). Drawing on 50 naturally occurring chat excerpts involving 12 participants across various relationship types, the study identifies three core uses of the SSF emoji: (1) signaling sequence-closing, (2) mitigating dispreferred actions, and (3) conveying disaffiliation without explicit disagreement. These functions parallel some of the roles traditionally fulfilled by nonverbal cues in face-to-face interactions, such as smiles or laughter tokens, revealing how digital communication retools physical gestures through symbolic surrogates. While prior research on emoji use often relies on statistical or multimodal analysis, this paper offers a context-sensitive examination that underscores how a single emoji can accomplish varied pragmatic work depending on sequential positioning and interactional context. By centering on a culturally embedded and pragmatically ambiguous emoji, the study contributes to the understanding of digital CA and broadens the scope of emoji research beyond Western platforms.  https://journals.library.columbia.edu/index.php/lawandarts/%252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252509https:/journals.library.columbia.edu/index.php/SALT/article/view/14082Conversation AnalysisEmoji FunctionsSSF EmojiDigital PragmaticsWeChat
spellingShingle Zhuolei Li
The “Slightly Smiling Face” Emoji in WeChat: A Conversation Analytic Investigation
Studies in Applied Linguistics & TESOL
Conversation Analysis
Emoji Functions
SSF Emoji
Digital Pragmatics
WeChat
title The “Slightly Smiling Face” Emoji in WeChat: A Conversation Analytic Investigation
title_full The “Slightly Smiling Face” Emoji in WeChat: A Conversation Analytic Investigation
title_fullStr The “Slightly Smiling Face” Emoji in WeChat: A Conversation Analytic Investigation
title_full_unstemmed The “Slightly Smiling Face” Emoji in WeChat: A Conversation Analytic Investigation
title_short The “Slightly Smiling Face” Emoji in WeChat: A Conversation Analytic Investigation
title_sort slightly smiling face emoji in wechat a conversation analytic investigation
topic Conversation Analysis
Emoji Functions
SSF Emoji
Digital Pragmatics
WeChat
url https://journals.library.columbia.edu/index.php/lawandarts/%252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252525252509https:/journals.library.columbia.edu/index.php/SALT/article/view/14082
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