Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Endophytic Fungi from <i>Schisandra chinensis</i> and Investigation of Their Antibacterial Mechanisms Against Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>

Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) is a highly pathogenic bacterium for which safe and effective prevention as well as treatment methods are currently lacking. In this study, <i>Rhizoctonia bicornis</i> S10 was isolated from <i>Schisandra chinensi...

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Main Authors: Mengyu Li, Yuewei Shi, Wenwei Ma, Shouyuan Cai, Xinyuan Yang, Lukai Xu, Xiyan Hou, Lulu Wang, Liming Jin, Chunshan Quan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/5/982
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author Mengyu Li
Yuewei Shi
Wenwei Ma
Shouyuan Cai
Xinyuan Yang
Lukai Xu
Xiyan Hou
Lulu Wang
Liming Jin
Chunshan Quan
author_facet Mengyu Li
Yuewei Shi
Wenwei Ma
Shouyuan Cai
Xinyuan Yang
Lukai Xu
Xiyan Hou
Lulu Wang
Liming Jin
Chunshan Quan
author_sort Mengyu Li
collection DOAJ
description Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) is a highly pathogenic bacterium for which safe and effective prevention as well as treatment methods are currently lacking. In this study, <i>Rhizoctonia bicornis</i> S10 was isolated from <i>Schisandra chinensis</i> and used to inhibit MRSA. Through single-factor experiments and response surface methodology, the optimal culture medium and fermentation conditions for <i>Rhizoctonia bicornis</i> S10 were determined. The results demonstrated that optimal growth conditions for <i>Rhizoctonia bicornis</i> S10 were achieved using corn meal as the culture medium. Furthermore, the extract of <i>Rhizoctonia bicornis</i> S10 showed maximal inhibitory activity against MRSA under the following optimized conditions: moisture content of 150%, time of 2.5 d, temperature of 30 °C, and pH 5.0. Antagonistic experiments demonstrated that the crude extract of <i>Rhizoctonia bicornis</i> S10 exhibits significant inhibitory activity against MRSA. During the growth of MRSA, the crude extract effectively suppressed its proliferation. Measurements of alkaline proteinase and membrane potential confirmed the disruption of the MRSA cell membrane, which was further visually validated by scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the crude extract was shown to inhibit the formation of MRSA biofilms. These findings suggest that <i>Rhizoctonia bicornis</i> S10 should hold promise as a novel approach for the prevention and treatment of MRSA infections, providing new strategies and insights for combating this pathogen.
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spelling doaj-art-1c2eb2c7631a4a08807bde6b437a76132025-08-20T03:48:02ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-04-0113598210.3390/microorganisms13050982Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Endophytic Fungi from <i>Schisandra chinensis</i> and Investigation of Their Antibacterial Mechanisms Against Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Mengyu Li0Yuewei Shi1Wenwei Ma2Shouyuan Cai3Xinyuan Yang4Lukai Xu5Xiyan Hou6Lulu Wang7Liming Jin8Chunshan Quan9Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, ChinaMethicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) is a highly pathogenic bacterium for which safe and effective prevention as well as treatment methods are currently lacking. In this study, <i>Rhizoctonia bicornis</i> S10 was isolated from <i>Schisandra chinensis</i> and used to inhibit MRSA. Through single-factor experiments and response surface methodology, the optimal culture medium and fermentation conditions for <i>Rhizoctonia bicornis</i> S10 were determined. The results demonstrated that optimal growth conditions for <i>Rhizoctonia bicornis</i> S10 were achieved using corn meal as the culture medium. Furthermore, the extract of <i>Rhizoctonia bicornis</i> S10 showed maximal inhibitory activity against MRSA under the following optimized conditions: moisture content of 150%, time of 2.5 d, temperature of 30 °C, and pH 5.0. Antagonistic experiments demonstrated that the crude extract of <i>Rhizoctonia bicornis</i> S10 exhibits significant inhibitory activity against MRSA. During the growth of MRSA, the crude extract effectively suppressed its proliferation. Measurements of alkaline proteinase and membrane potential confirmed the disruption of the MRSA cell membrane, which was further visually validated by scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the crude extract was shown to inhibit the formation of MRSA biofilms. These findings suggest that <i>Rhizoctonia bicornis</i> S10 should hold promise as a novel approach for the prevention and treatment of MRSA infections, providing new strategies and insights for combating this pathogen.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/5/982MRSA<i>Rhizoctonia bicornis</i><i>Schisandra chinensis</i>antibacterial mechanism
spellingShingle Mengyu Li
Yuewei Shi
Wenwei Ma
Shouyuan Cai
Xinyuan Yang
Lukai Xu
Xiyan Hou
Lulu Wang
Liming Jin
Chunshan Quan
Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Endophytic Fungi from <i>Schisandra chinensis</i> and Investigation of Their Antibacterial Mechanisms Against Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
Microorganisms
MRSA
<i>Rhizoctonia bicornis</i>
<i>Schisandra chinensis</i>
antibacterial mechanism
title Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Endophytic Fungi from <i>Schisandra chinensis</i> and Investigation of Their Antibacterial Mechanisms Against Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
title_full Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Endophytic Fungi from <i>Schisandra chinensis</i> and Investigation of Their Antibacterial Mechanisms Against Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
title_fullStr Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Endophytic Fungi from <i>Schisandra chinensis</i> and Investigation of Their Antibacterial Mechanisms Against Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
title_full_unstemmed Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Endophytic Fungi from <i>Schisandra chinensis</i> and Investigation of Their Antibacterial Mechanisms Against Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
title_short Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Endophytic Fungi from <i>Schisandra chinensis</i> and Investigation of Their Antibacterial Mechanisms Against Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
title_sort optimization of fermentation conditions for endophytic fungi from i schisandra chinensis i and investigation of their antibacterial mechanisms against methicillin resistant i staphylococcus aureus i
topic MRSA
<i>Rhizoctonia bicornis</i>
<i>Schisandra chinensis</i>
antibacterial mechanism
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/5/982
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