Predictable patterns of unpredictability: a literature review of discretion in migration control

Migration control policies are marked by contradictory policy goals set in a complex web of intersecting international, national, and local regulations. This grants significant discretion to frontline workers. Despite the extensive research undertaken on discretion in migration control, there is a l...

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Main Authors: Lisa Marie Borrelli, Livia Johannesson, Annika Lindberg
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Political Research Exchange
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/2474736X.2025.2508374
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author Lisa Marie Borrelli
Livia Johannesson
Annika Lindberg
author_facet Lisa Marie Borrelli
Livia Johannesson
Annika Lindberg
author_sort Lisa Marie Borrelli
collection DOAJ
description Migration control policies are marked by contradictory policy goals set in a complex web of intersecting international, national, and local regulations. This grants significant discretion to frontline workers. Despite the extensive research undertaken on discretion in migration control, there is a lack of comprehensive knowledge on how discretionary practices are patterned across countries and policy domains, what consequences these patterns have for migrants’ lives and for receiving states’ capacity to govern. Based on a systematic review of 125 articles published between 2001 and 2024, this article addresses this gap. Our findings reveal widespread discretionary practices that vary by decision-making situation but share common patterns, such as frontline workers’ perceptions of migrant ‘deservingness’, institutionalized suspicion, and racialized biases. We offer the concept of ‘predictable unpredictability’ to theorize the dynamics of frontline discretion. Itcaptures how discretion produces arbitrary outcomes and can be used as a mode of state control which allows state authorities to govern migration without codifying discriminatory sorting mechanisms in formal policies. By this informalization of power, states can avoid responsibility for harmful outcomes of their migration policies, at the same time as the predictable unpredictability in decision-making offers liminal agency to migrants if they ‘play the game’ of migration control.
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spelling doaj-art-1c02240313a840edaae3f93a557161cf2025-08-20T01:57:09ZengTaylor & Francis GroupPolitical Research Exchange2474-736X2025-12-017110.1080/2474736X.2025.2508374Predictable patterns of unpredictability: a literature review of discretion in migration controlLisa Marie Borrelli0Livia Johannesson1Annika Lindberg2School of Social Work (HES-SO Valais-Wallis), Institute of Social Work, Siders, SwitzerlandSchool of Public Administration, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenSchool of Social Work (HES-SO Valais-Wallis), Institute of Social WorkMigration control policies are marked by contradictory policy goals set in a complex web of intersecting international, national, and local regulations. This grants significant discretion to frontline workers. Despite the extensive research undertaken on discretion in migration control, there is a lack of comprehensive knowledge on how discretionary practices are patterned across countries and policy domains, what consequences these patterns have for migrants’ lives and for receiving states’ capacity to govern. Based on a systematic review of 125 articles published between 2001 and 2024, this article addresses this gap. Our findings reveal widespread discretionary practices that vary by decision-making situation but share common patterns, such as frontline workers’ perceptions of migrant ‘deservingness’, institutionalized suspicion, and racialized biases. We offer the concept of ‘predictable unpredictability’ to theorize the dynamics of frontline discretion. Itcaptures how discretion produces arbitrary outcomes and can be used as a mode of state control which allows state authorities to govern migration without codifying discriminatory sorting mechanisms in formal policies. By this informalization of power, states can avoid responsibility for harmful outcomes of their migration policies, at the same time as the predictable unpredictability in decision-making offers liminal agency to migrants if they ‘play the game’ of migration control.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/2474736X.2025.2508374Discretionliterature reviewmigration controlfrontline workersstate power
spellingShingle Lisa Marie Borrelli
Livia Johannesson
Annika Lindberg
Predictable patterns of unpredictability: a literature review of discretion in migration control
Political Research Exchange
Discretion
literature review
migration control
frontline workers
state power
title Predictable patterns of unpredictability: a literature review of discretion in migration control
title_full Predictable patterns of unpredictability: a literature review of discretion in migration control
title_fullStr Predictable patterns of unpredictability: a literature review of discretion in migration control
title_full_unstemmed Predictable patterns of unpredictability: a literature review of discretion in migration control
title_short Predictable patterns of unpredictability: a literature review of discretion in migration control
title_sort predictable patterns of unpredictability a literature review of discretion in migration control
topic Discretion
literature review
migration control
frontline workers
state power
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/2474736X.2025.2508374
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