Health and safety practices and policies concerning human exposure to RF/microwave radiation

Concerns about the impacts on the public health and safety of radiofrequency (RF) exposure are increasing with the rapid proliferation of cellular mobile telecommunication systems and devices. There is also lack of confidence surrounding the applicability of stated health safety rules, limits and gu...

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Main Author: James C. Lin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Public Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1619781/full
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author James C. Lin
author_facet James C. Lin
author_sort James C. Lin
collection DOAJ
description Concerns about the impacts on the public health and safety of radiofrequency (RF) exposure are increasing with the rapid proliferation of cellular mobile telecommunication systems and devices. There is also lack of confidence surrounding the applicability of stated health safety rules, limits and guidelines for RF exposure including their use for 5G and the expected 6G. This paper: (1) considers the currently promulgated standards for safe human exposure to RF radiation, (2) examines assumptions underlying the standards, (3) describes the roles of the military industrial complex in influencing research on the health effects and standards setting for safety levels, (4) discusses the engagement of an industry-regulatory complex, (5) explains the interaction between ICNIRP and the WHO-EMF, (6) scrutinizes recent publications of WHO-EMF commissioned systematic reviews, and (7) concludes with some observations on an apparent paradigm shift.
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spelling doaj-art-1be29f951c5b4467a5a2a4cdffbcec0b2025-08-20T02:40:47ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652025-07-011310.3389/fpubh.2025.16197811619781Health and safety practices and policies concerning human exposure to RF/microwave radiationJames C. LinConcerns about the impacts on the public health and safety of radiofrequency (RF) exposure are increasing with the rapid proliferation of cellular mobile telecommunication systems and devices. There is also lack of confidence surrounding the applicability of stated health safety rules, limits and guidelines for RF exposure including their use for 5G and the expected 6G. This paper: (1) considers the currently promulgated standards for safe human exposure to RF radiation, (2) examines assumptions underlying the standards, (3) describes the roles of the military industrial complex in influencing research on the health effects and standards setting for safety levels, (4) discusses the engagement of an industry-regulatory complex, (5) explains the interaction between ICNIRP and the WHO-EMF, (6) scrutinizes recent publications of WHO-EMF commissioned systematic reviews, and (7) concludes with some observations on an apparent paradigm shift.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1619781/fullcellular mobile telecommunicationassumptions for the standardsmilitary industrial complexindustry-regulatory complexWHO-EMF systematic reviewsICNIRP and WHO-EMF
spellingShingle James C. Lin
Health and safety practices and policies concerning human exposure to RF/microwave radiation
Frontiers in Public Health
cellular mobile telecommunication
assumptions for the standards
military industrial complex
industry-regulatory complex
WHO-EMF systematic reviews
ICNIRP and WHO-EMF
title Health and safety practices and policies concerning human exposure to RF/microwave radiation
title_full Health and safety practices and policies concerning human exposure to RF/microwave radiation
title_fullStr Health and safety practices and policies concerning human exposure to RF/microwave radiation
title_full_unstemmed Health and safety practices and policies concerning human exposure to RF/microwave radiation
title_short Health and safety practices and policies concerning human exposure to RF/microwave radiation
title_sort health and safety practices and policies concerning human exposure to rf microwave radiation
topic cellular mobile telecommunication
assumptions for the standards
military industrial complex
industry-regulatory complex
WHO-EMF systematic reviews
ICNIRP and WHO-EMF
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1619781/full
work_keys_str_mv AT jamesclin healthandsafetypracticesandpoliciesconcerninghumanexposuretorfmicrowaveradiation