Dual diagnosis of neurobrucellosis and Anti-LGI1 encephalitis: a rare case report
Abstract Background Anti-LGI1 encephalitis is a subtype of autoimmune encephalitis characterised by cognitive dysfunction, psychiatric disorders, faciobrachial dystonic seizures, and hyponatraemia. However, its precise pathogenesis remains unclear. Brucellosis, a zoonotic disease prevalent globally,...
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| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-07-01
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| Series: | BMC Infectious Diseases |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11361-z |
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| author | Chuyan Yang Ying Liu Yongzhong Lin PeiYu Shi Jing Tan |
| author_facet | Chuyan Yang Ying Liu Yongzhong Lin PeiYu Shi Jing Tan |
| author_sort | Chuyan Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Anti-LGI1 encephalitis is a subtype of autoimmune encephalitis characterised by cognitive dysfunction, psychiatric disorders, faciobrachial dystonic seizures, and hyponatraemia. However, its precise pathogenesis remains unclear. Brucellosis, a zoonotic disease prevalent globally, poses a significant threat to public health; nevertheless, the nonspecific nature of its clinical symptoms often results in diagnostic delays. Case presentation We report the case of a middle-aged male patient diagnosed with anti-LGI1 antibody encephalitis through antibodies in serum and CSF combined with neurobrucellosis through serum antibodies and CSF NGS. Additional testing for paraneoplastic-related and demyelinating-related antibodies, CSF and blood culture yielded negative results, helping rule out other pathogens and etiologies. The patient exhibited symptom improvement after effective antimicrobial and immunomodulatory therapies. Conclusions This case raises awareness of autoimmune encephalitis following Brucella infection, revealing a potential association between Brucella infection and anti-LGI1 antibody encephalitis. Brucella may be a triggering factor for anti-LGI1 antibody encephalitis; however, more cases are needed to confirm our findings. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1be1f14975194cf28cfd9c41f44b3c5a |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1471-2334 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj-art-1be1f14975194cf28cfd9c41f44b3c5a2025-08-20T03:04:15ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342025-07-012511610.1186/s12879-025-11361-zDual diagnosis of neurobrucellosis and Anti-LGI1 encephalitis: a rare case reportChuyan Yang0Ying Liu1Yongzhong Lin2PeiYu Shi3Jing Tan4The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityJiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., LtdThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityAbstract Background Anti-LGI1 encephalitis is a subtype of autoimmune encephalitis characterised by cognitive dysfunction, psychiatric disorders, faciobrachial dystonic seizures, and hyponatraemia. However, its precise pathogenesis remains unclear. Brucellosis, a zoonotic disease prevalent globally, poses a significant threat to public health; nevertheless, the nonspecific nature of its clinical symptoms often results in diagnostic delays. Case presentation We report the case of a middle-aged male patient diagnosed with anti-LGI1 antibody encephalitis through antibodies in serum and CSF combined with neurobrucellosis through serum antibodies and CSF NGS. Additional testing for paraneoplastic-related and demyelinating-related antibodies, CSF and blood culture yielded negative results, helping rule out other pathogens and etiologies. The patient exhibited symptom improvement after effective antimicrobial and immunomodulatory therapies. Conclusions This case raises awareness of autoimmune encephalitis following Brucella infection, revealing a potential association between Brucella infection and anti-LGI1 antibody encephalitis. Brucella may be a triggering factor for anti-LGI1 antibody encephalitis; however, more cases are needed to confirm our findings.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11361-zAnti-LGI1 encephalitisAutoimmune encephalitisNeurobrucellosisBrucellosisSeizures |
| spellingShingle | Chuyan Yang Ying Liu Yongzhong Lin PeiYu Shi Jing Tan Dual diagnosis of neurobrucellosis and Anti-LGI1 encephalitis: a rare case report BMC Infectious Diseases Anti-LGI1 encephalitis Autoimmune encephalitis Neurobrucellosis Brucellosis Seizures |
| title | Dual diagnosis of neurobrucellosis and Anti-LGI1 encephalitis: a rare case report |
| title_full | Dual diagnosis of neurobrucellosis and Anti-LGI1 encephalitis: a rare case report |
| title_fullStr | Dual diagnosis of neurobrucellosis and Anti-LGI1 encephalitis: a rare case report |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dual diagnosis of neurobrucellosis and Anti-LGI1 encephalitis: a rare case report |
| title_short | Dual diagnosis of neurobrucellosis and Anti-LGI1 encephalitis: a rare case report |
| title_sort | dual diagnosis of neurobrucellosis and anti lgi1 encephalitis a rare case report |
| topic | Anti-LGI1 encephalitis Autoimmune encephalitis Neurobrucellosis Brucellosis Seizures |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11361-z |
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