A Poly(methacrolein-<i>co</i>-methacrylamide)-Based Template Anchoring Strategy for the Synthesis of Fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles for Highly Selective Serotonin Sensing
Neurotransmitters such as serotonin regulate key physiological and cognitive functions, yet real-time detection remains challenging due to the limitations of conventional techniques like amperometry and microdialysis. Fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (fMIP-NPs) offer a promisi...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Madhav Biyani Mizuki Matsumoto Yasuo Yoshimi |
| author_facet | Madhav Biyani Mizuki Matsumoto Yasuo Yoshimi |
| author_sort | Madhav Biyani |
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| description | Neurotransmitters such as serotonin regulate key physiological and cognitive functions, yet real-time detection remains challenging due to the limitations of conventional techniques like amperometry and microdialysis. Fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (fMIP-NPs) offer a promising alternative and are typically synthesized via solid-phase synthesis, in which template molecules are covalently immobilized on a solid support to enable site-specific imprinting. However, strong template–template interactions during this process can compromise selectivity. To overcome this, we incorporated a poly(methacrolein-<i>co</i>-methacrylamide)-based template anchoring strategy to minimize undesired template interactions and enhance imprinting efficiency. We optimized the synthesis of poly(methacrolein-<i>co</i>-methacrylamide) under three different conditions by varying the monomer compositions and reaction parameters. The poly(methacrolein-<i>co</i>-methacrylamide) synthesized under Condition 3 (5:1 methacrolein-to-methacrylamide molar ratio, 1:150 initiator-to-total monomer ratio, and 4.59 M total monomer concentration) yielded the most selective fMIP-NPs, whose fluorescence intensity increased with an increase in serotonin concentration, rising by up to 37% upon serotonin binding. This improvement is attributed to higher aldehyde functionality in the poly(methacrolein-<i>co</i>-methacrylamide) which enhances template immobilization and generates a rigid imprinted cavity to interact with serotonin. These findings suggest that the developed fMIP-NPs hold significant potential as imaging probes for neurotransmitter detection, contributing to advanced studies in neural network analysis. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1bdb81f0aa6d4b2abf697ecfd19483a9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj-art-1bdb81f0aa6d4b2abf697ecfd19483a92025-08-20T03:28:32ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912025-06-01151397710.3390/nano15130977A Poly(methacrolein-<i>co</i>-methacrylamide)-Based Template Anchoring Strategy for the Synthesis of Fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles for Highly Selective Serotonin SensingMadhav Biyani0Mizuki Matsumoto1Yasuo Yoshimi2Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-Ku, Tokyo 135-8548, JapanChemical Engineering Laboratory, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-Ku, Tokyo 135-8548, JapanChemical Engineering Laboratory, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-Ku, Tokyo 135-8548, JapanNeurotransmitters such as serotonin regulate key physiological and cognitive functions, yet real-time detection remains challenging due to the limitations of conventional techniques like amperometry and microdialysis. Fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (fMIP-NPs) offer a promising alternative and are typically synthesized via solid-phase synthesis, in which template molecules are covalently immobilized on a solid support to enable site-specific imprinting. However, strong template–template interactions during this process can compromise selectivity. To overcome this, we incorporated a poly(methacrolein-<i>co</i>-methacrylamide)-based template anchoring strategy to minimize undesired template interactions and enhance imprinting efficiency. We optimized the synthesis of poly(methacrolein-<i>co</i>-methacrylamide) under three different conditions by varying the monomer compositions and reaction parameters. The poly(methacrolein-<i>co</i>-methacrylamide) synthesized under Condition 3 (5:1 methacrolein-to-methacrylamide molar ratio, 1:150 initiator-to-total monomer ratio, and 4.59 M total monomer concentration) yielded the most selective fMIP-NPs, whose fluorescence intensity increased with an increase in serotonin concentration, rising by up to 37% upon serotonin binding. This improvement is attributed to higher aldehyde functionality in the poly(methacrolein-<i>co</i>-methacrylamide) which enhances template immobilization and generates a rigid imprinted cavity to interact with serotonin. These findings suggest that the developed fMIP-NPs hold significant potential as imaging probes for neurotransmitter detection, contributing to advanced studies in neural network analysis.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/13/977solid-phase synthesisfluorescent molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (fMIP-NPs)polymer-anchored immobilizationserotonin |
| spellingShingle | Madhav Biyani Mizuki Matsumoto Yasuo Yoshimi A Poly(methacrolein-<i>co</i>-methacrylamide)-Based Template Anchoring Strategy for the Synthesis of Fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles for Highly Selective Serotonin Sensing Nanomaterials solid-phase synthesis fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (fMIP-NPs) polymer-anchored immobilization serotonin |
| title | A Poly(methacrolein-<i>co</i>-methacrylamide)-Based Template Anchoring Strategy for the Synthesis of Fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles for Highly Selective Serotonin Sensing |
| title_full | A Poly(methacrolein-<i>co</i>-methacrylamide)-Based Template Anchoring Strategy for the Synthesis of Fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles for Highly Selective Serotonin Sensing |
| title_fullStr | A Poly(methacrolein-<i>co</i>-methacrylamide)-Based Template Anchoring Strategy for the Synthesis of Fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles for Highly Selective Serotonin Sensing |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Poly(methacrolein-<i>co</i>-methacrylamide)-Based Template Anchoring Strategy for the Synthesis of Fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles for Highly Selective Serotonin Sensing |
| title_short | A Poly(methacrolein-<i>co</i>-methacrylamide)-Based Template Anchoring Strategy for the Synthesis of Fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles for Highly Selective Serotonin Sensing |
| title_sort | poly methacrolein i co i methacrylamide based template anchoring strategy for the synthesis of fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles for highly selective serotonin sensing |
| topic | solid-phase synthesis fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (fMIP-NPs) polymer-anchored immobilization serotonin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/13/977 |
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