Prevalence and associated factors of multi-drug resistant bacteria among different clinical specimens at wad Medani, Sudan: a four-year, cross-sectional study

Abstract Multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs) are a global health concern. Therefore, the aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of MDROs and associated factors among different clinical specimens. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study, conducted between January 2020 to October 202...

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Main Authors: Yousif B. Hamadalneel, Safa F. Eltoum, Zainab M. Almustafa, Wageeda S. Mustafa, Fatima O. Abdelsalam, Yousif M. Yousif, Asgad A. Alsdeeg, Marwa F. Alamin
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Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00714-y
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author Yousif B. Hamadalneel
Safa F. Eltoum
Zainab M. Almustafa
Wageeda S. Mustafa
Fatima O. Abdelsalam
Yousif M. Yousif
Asgad A. Alsdeeg
Marwa F. Alamin
author_facet Yousif B. Hamadalneel
Safa F. Eltoum
Zainab M. Almustafa
Wageeda S. Mustafa
Fatima O. Abdelsalam
Yousif M. Yousif
Asgad A. Alsdeeg
Marwa F. Alamin
author_sort Yousif B. Hamadalneel
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs) are a global health concern. Therefore, the aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of MDROs and associated factors among different clinical specimens. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study, conducted between January 2020 to October 2023 using recorded laboratory data of culture and drug sensitivity from the Pathology Center for Diagnosis and Research, University of Gezira, Wad Medani City, Sudan. Among the 1766 investigated clinical samples, 1255 (71.1%) were from female. The overall MDROs prevalence was 694 (39.3%). Blood samples 45(52.3%) and wound swabs 191(41.2%) had the most MDROs. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Proteus spp. 42(75%) had the highest MDR among the gram-positive bacteria (GPB) and the gram-negative bacteria (GNB) respectively. A significant association was observed between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and urine samples with the presence of MDROs. This study revealed a moderate prevalence of MDROs. Which is more prevalent in blood samples, wound swabs and in GNB. S. aureus and Proteus spp. had the greatest MDR among the GPB, and GNB, respectively. CSF and urine samples were associated with the presence of MDROs. Implementing these findings enables the development of strategies to prevent AMR in Sudan and other comparable low-resource environments.
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spelling doaj-art-1bd249975aab47818a75dcf17825527e2025-08-20T03:53:12ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-00714-yPrevalence and associated factors of multi-drug resistant bacteria among different clinical specimens at wad Medani, Sudan: a four-year, cross-sectional studyYousif B. Hamadalneel0Safa F. Eltoum1Zainab M. Almustafa2Wageeda S. Mustafa3Fatima O. Abdelsalam4Yousif M. Yousif5Asgad A. Alsdeeg6Marwa F. Alamin7Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of GeziraFaculty of Medicine, University of GadarifDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University for Medical Science and TechnologyDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University for Medical Science and TechnologyDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University for Medical Science and TechnologyDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University for Medical Science and TechnologyDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University for Medical Science and TechnologyDepartment of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Disease, Khartoum UniversityAbstract Multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs) are a global health concern. Therefore, the aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of MDROs and associated factors among different clinical specimens. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study, conducted between January 2020 to October 2023 using recorded laboratory data of culture and drug sensitivity from the Pathology Center for Diagnosis and Research, University of Gezira, Wad Medani City, Sudan. Among the 1766 investigated clinical samples, 1255 (71.1%) were from female. The overall MDROs prevalence was 694 (39.3%). Blood samples 45(52.3%) and wound swabs 191(41.2%) had the most MDROs. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Proteus spp. 42(75%) had the highest MDR among the gram-positive bacteria (GPB) and the gram-negative bacteria (GNB) respectively. A significant association was observed between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and urine samples with the presence of MDROs. This study revealed a moderate prevalence of MDROs. Which is more prevalent in blood samples, wound swabs and in GNB. S. aureus and Proteus spp. had the greatest MDR among the GPB, and GNB, respectively. CSF and urine samples were associated with the presence of MDROs. Implementing these findings enables the development of strategies to prevent AMR in Sudan and other comparable low-resource environments.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00714-yPrevalenceAssociated factorsMulti-drug resistantBacteriaWad MedaniSudan
spellingShingle Yousif B. Hamadalneel
Safa F. Eltoum
Zainab M. Almustafa
Wageeda S. Mustafa
Fatima O. Abdelsalam
Yousif M. Yousif
Asgad A. Alsdeeg
Marwa F. Alamin
Prevalence and associated factors of multi-drug resistant bacteria among different clinical specimens at wad Medani, Sudan: a four-year, cross-sectional study
Scientific Reports
Prevalence
Associated factors
Multi-drug resistant
Bacteria
Wad Medani
Sudan
title Prevalence and associated factors of multi-drug resistant bacteria among different clinical specimens at wad Medani, Sudan: a four-year, cross-sectional study
title_full Prevalence and associated factors of multi-drug resistant bacteria among different clinical specimens at wad Medani, Sudan: a four-year, cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Prevalence and associated factors of multi-drug resistant bacteria among different clinical specimens at wad Medani, Sudan: a four-year, cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence and associated factors of multi-drug resistant bacteria among different clinical specimens at wad Medani, Sudan: a four-year, cross-sectional study
title_short Prevalence and associated factors of multi-drug resistant bacteria among different clinical specimens at wad Medani, Sudan: a four-year, cross-sectional study
title_sort prevalence and associated factors of multi drug resistant bacteria among different clinical specimens at wad medani sudan a four year cross sectional study
topic Prevalence
Associated factors
Multi-drug resistant
Bacteria
Wad Medani
Sudan
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00714-y
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