Metagenomic analysis reveals the diversity of the vaginal virome and its association with vaginitis
IntroductionThe human vaginal virome is an essential yet understudied component of the vaginal microbiome. Its diversity and potential contributions to health and disease, particularly vaginitis, remain poorly understood.MethodsWe conducted metagenomic sequencing on 24 pooled vaginal swab libraries...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1582553/full |
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| author | Xiang Lu Qiang Lu Rong Zhu Mingzhong Sun Hongmei Chen Zhihu Ge Yuchen Jiang Zhipeng Wang Lingzhi Zhang Wen Zhang Ziyuan Dai |
| author_facet | Xiang Lu Qiang Lu Rong Zhu Mingzhong Sun Hongmei Chen Zhihu Ge Yuchen Jiang Zhipeng Wang Lingzhi Zhang Wen Zhang Ziyuan Dai |
| author_sort | Xiang Lu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThe human vaginal virome is an essential yet understudied component of the vaginal microbiome. Its diversity and potential contributions to health and disease, particularly vaginitis, remain poorly understood.MethodsWe conducted metagenomic sequencing on 24 pooled vaginal swab libraries collected from 267 women, including both healthy individuals and those diagnosed with vaginitis. Viral community composition, diversity indices (Shannon, Richness, and Pielou), and phylogenetic characteristics were analyzed. Virus–host associations were also investigated.ResultsDNA viruses dominated the vaginal virome. Anelloviridae and Papillomaviridae were the most prevalent eukaryotic viruses, while Siphoviridae and Microviridae were the leading bacteriophages. Compared to healthy controls, the vaginitis group exhibited significantly reduced alpha diversity and greater beta diversity dispersion, indicating altered viral community structure. Anelloviruses, detected in both groups, showed extensive lineage diversity, frequent recombination, and pronounced phylogenetic divergence. HPV diversity and richness were significantly elevated in the vaginitis group, alongside an unbalanced distribution of viral lineages. Novel phage–bacterial associations were also identified, suggesting a potential role for bacteriophages in shaping the vaginal microbiome.DiscussionThese findings provide new insights into the composition and structure of the vaginal virome and its potential association with vaginal dysbiosis. The distinct virome characteristics observed in women with vaginitis highlight the relevance of viral communities in reproductive health. Future studies incorporating individual-level sequencing and metatranscriptomics are warranted to explore intra-host viral dynamics, assess viral activity, and clarify the functional roles of vaginal viruses in host–microbiome interactions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1bcf6c7a30fc4eaabf0ac38a5be0a7ec |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2235-2988 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-1bcf6c7a30fc4eaabf0ac38a5be0a7ec2025-08-20T03:03:03ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882025-04-011510.3389/fcimb.2025.15825531582553Metagenomic analysis reveals the diversity of the vaginal virome and its association with vaginitisXiang Lu0Qiang Lu1Rong Zhu2Mingzhong Sun3Hongmei Chen4Zhihu Ge5Yuchen Jiang6Zhipeng Wang7Lingzhi Zhang8Wen Zhang9Ziyuan Dai10Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Yancheng Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu Medical College, Yancheng, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Yancheng Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu Medical College, Yancheng, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Yancheng Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu Medical College, Yancheng, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Yancheng Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu Medical College, Yancheng, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Yancheng Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu Medical College, Yancheng, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Yancheng Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu Medical College, Yancheng, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Yancheng Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu Medical College, Yancheng, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Yancheng Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu Medical College, Yancheng, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Yancheng Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu Medical College, Yancheng, Jiangsu, ChinaIntroductionThe human vaginal virome is an essential yet understudied component of the vaginal microbiome. Its diversity and potential contributions to health and disease, particularly vaginitis, remain poorly understood.MethodsWe conducted metagenomic sequencing on 24 pooled vaginal swab libraries collected from 267 women, including both healthy individuals and those diagnosed with vaginitis. Viral community composition, diversity indices (Shannon, Richness, and Pielou), and phylogenetic characteristics were analyzed. Virus–host associations were also investigated.ResultsDNA viruses dominated the vaginal virome. Anelloviridae and Papillomaviridae were the most prevalent eukaryotic viruses, while Siphoviridae and Microviridae were the leading bacteriophages. Compared to healthy controls, the vaginitis group exhibited significantly reduced alpha diversity and greater beta diversity dispersion, indicating altered viral community structure. Anelloviruses, detected in both groups, showed extensive lineage diversity, frequent recombination, and pronounced phylogenetic divergence. HPV diversity and richness were significantly elevated in the vaginitis group, alongside an unbalanced distribution of viral lineages. Novel phage–bacterial associations were also identified, suggesting a potential role for bacteriophages in shaping the vaginal microbiome.DiscussionThese findings provide new insights into the composition and structure of the vaginal virome and its potential association with vaginal dysbiosis. The distinct virome characteristics observed in women with vaginitis highlight the relevance of viral communities in reproductive health. Future studies incorporating individual-level sequencing and metatranscriptomics are warranted to explore intra-host viral dynamics, assess viral activity, and clarify the functional roles of vaginal viruses in host–microbiome interactions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1582553/fullmetagenomicsanelloviruspapillomavirusvaginitisbacteriophage |
| spellingShingle | Xiang Lu Qiang Lu Rong Zhu Mingzhong Sun Hongmei Chen Zhihu Ge Yuchen Jiang Zhipeng Wang Lingzhi Zhang Wen Zhang Ziyuan Dai Metagenomic analysis reveals the diversity of the vaginal virome and its association with vaginitis Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology metagenomics anellovirus papillomavirus vaginitis bacteriophage |
| title | Metagenomic analysis reveals the diversity of the vaginal virome and its association with vaginitis |
| title_full | Metagenomic analysis reveals the diversity of the vaginal virome and its association with vaginitis |
| title_fullStr | Metagenomic analysis reveals the diversity of the vaginal virome and its association with vaginitis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metagenomic analysis reveals the diversity of the vaginal virome and its association with vaginitis |
| title_short | Metagenomic analysis reveals the diversity of the vaginal virome and its association with vaginitis |
| title_sort | metagenomic analysis reveals the diversity of the vaginal virome and its association with vaginitis |
| topic | metagenomics anellovirus papillomavirus vaginitis bacteriophage |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1582553/full |
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