Influencing factors and mechanisms promoting proactive health behavior intention: an integration of the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior
BackgroundPromoting proactive health behaviors is an effective strategy for addressing public health challenges and advancing the “Healthy China” initiative. This study aims to explore the driving factors and mechanisms influencing proactive health behavior intention by integrating the theory of pla...
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| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1629046/full |
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| author | Lidong Fang Qiaoqiao Zhang Ning Zhou Jin Chen Hu Lou |
| author_facet | Lidong Fang Qiaoqiao Zhang Ning Zhou Jin Chen Hu Lou |
| author_sort | Lidong Fang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundPromoting proactive health behaviors is an effective strategy for addressing public health challenges and advancing the “Healthy China” initiative. This study aims to explore the driving factors and mechanisms influencing proactive health behavior intention by integrating the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the health belief model (HBM).MethodsA cross-sectional survey design was employed. A structured questionnaire was developed based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the health belief model (HBM), covering eight dimensions: health behavior attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers. A total of 462 valid responses were collected using convenience sampling at a hospital health examination center in Jiangsu Province, China. Participants were approached on-site during routine check-ups and voluntarily completed the survey after providing informed consent. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0. Reliability and validity were tested using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and hypotheses were examined through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).ResultsThe findings revealed that perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers significantly influenced individuals’ attitudes toward health behaviors. Attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control significantly predicted intention, with self-efficacy partially mediating these effects. Perceived barriers had a negative effect, suggesting practical challenges hinder the development of health intentions.ConclusionHealth belief factors, especially perceived benefits, significantly influence health behavior attitude. TPB variables—particularly attitude—are key predictors of proactive health behavior intention. Self-efficacy acts as an important mediator, enhancing the explanatory power of the integrated TPB-HBM model. These findings provide theoretical and practical guidance for designing interventions to promote proactive health behavior in the general population. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1bcb20da2a824afe93e682fe1e3a7963 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-1bcb20da2a824afe93e682fe1e3a79632025-08-20T03:28:47ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652025-07-011310.3389/fpubh.2025.16290461629046Influencing factors and mechanisms promoting proactive health behavior intention: an integration of the health belief model and the theory of planned behaviorLidong FangQiaoqiao ZhangNing ZhouJin ChenHu LouBackgroundPromoting proactive health behaviors is an effective strategy for addressing public health challenges and advancing the “Healthy China” initiative. This study aims to explore the driving factors and mechanisms influencing proactive health behavior intention by integrating the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the health belief model (HBM).MethodsA cross-sectional survey design was employed. A structured questionnaire was developed based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the health belief model (HBM), covering eight dimensions: health behavior attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers. A total of 462 valid responses were collected using convenience sampling at a hospital health examination center in Jiangsu Province, China. Participants were approached on-site during routine check-ups and voluntarily completed the survey after providing informed consent. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0. Reliability and validity were tested using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and hypotheses were examined through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).ResultsThe findings revealed that perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers significantly influenced individuals’ attitudes toward health behaviors. Attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control significantly predicted intention, with self-efficacy partially mediating these effects. Perceived barriers had a negative effect, suggesting practical challenges hinder the development of health intentions.ConclusionHealth belief factors, especially perceived benefits, significantly influence health behavior attitude. TPB variables—particularly attitude—are key predictors of proactive health behavior intention. Self-efficacy acts as an important mediator, enhancing the explanatory power of the integrated TPB-HBM model. These findings provide theoretical and practical guidance for designing interventions to promote proactive health behavior in the general population.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1629046/fullproactive healthbehavioral intentiontheory of planned behavior (TPB)health belief modelself-efficacy |
| spellingShingle | Lidong Fang Qiaoqiao Zhang Ning Zhou Jin Chen Hu Lou Influencing factors and mechanisms promoting proactive health behavior intention: an integration of the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior Frontiers in Public Health proactive health behavioral intention theory of planned behavior (TPB) health belief model self-efficacy |
| title | Influencing factors and mechanisms promoting proactive health behavior intention: an integration of the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior |
| title_full | Influencing factors and mechanisms promoting proactive health behavior intention: an integration of the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior |
| title_fullStr | Influencing factors and mechanisms promoting proactive health behavior intention: an integration of the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influencing factors and mechanisms promoting proactive health behavior intention: an integration of the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior |
| title_short | Influencing factors and mechanisms promoting proactive health behavior intention: an integration of the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior |
| title_sort | influencing factors and mechanisms promoting proactive health behavior intention an integration of the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior |
| topic | proactive health behavioral intention theory of planned behavior (TPB) health belief model self-efficacy |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1629046/full |
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