Advances in the Synthesis and Biological Applications of Enoxacin-Based Compounds

A comprehensive review of advances in the synthesis and biological applications of enoxacin (1, referred to as ENX)-based compounds is presented. ENX, a second-generation fluoroquinolone (FQ), is a prominent 1,8-naphthyridine containing compounds studied in medicinal chemistry. Quinolones, a class o...

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Main Authors: Garba Suleiman, Nabil El Brahmi, Gérald Guillaumet, Saïd El Kazzouli
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Biomolecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/11/1419
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author Garba Suleiman
Nabil El Brahmi
Gérald Guillaumet
Saïd El Kazzouli
author_facet Garba Suleiman
Nabil El Brahmi
Gérald Guillaumet
Saïd El Kazzouli
author_sort Garba Suleiman
collection DOAJ
description A comprehensive review of advances in the synthesis and biological applications of enoxacin (1, referred to as ENX)-based compounds is presented. ENX, a second-generation fluoroquinolone (FQ), is a prominent 1,8-naphthyridine containing compounds studied in medicinal chemistry. Quinolones, a class of synthetic antibiotics, are crucial building blocks for designing multi-biological libraries due to their inhibitory properties against DNA replication. Chemical modifications at positions 3 and 7 of the quinolone structure can transform antibacterial FQs into anticancer analogs. ENX and its derivatives have been examined for various therapeutic applications, including anticancer, antiviral, and potential treatment against COVID-19. Several synthetic methodologies have been devised for the efficient and versatile synthesis of ENX and its derivatives. This review emphasizes all-inclusive developments in the synthesis of ENX derivatives, focusing on modifications at C3 (carboxylic acid, Part A), C7 (piperazinyl, Part B), and other modifications (Parts A and B). The reactions considered were chosen based on their reproducibility, ease of execution, accessibility, and the availability of the methodology reported in the literature. This review provides valuable insights into the medicinal properties of these compounds, highlighting their potential as therapeutic agents in various fields.
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spelling doaj-art-1bc8524f7c984cb0bcb0785165beaef02025-08-20T02:28:07ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2024-11-011411141910.3390/biom14111419Advances in the Synthesis and Biological Applications of Enoxacin-Based CompoundsGarba Suleiman0Nabil El Brahmi1Gérald Guillaumet2Saïd El Kazzouli3Euromed Research Center, School of Engineering in Biomedical and Biotechnology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Fez 30000, MoroccoEuromed Research Center, School of Engineering in Biomedical and Biotechnology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Fez 30000, MoroccoEuromed Research Center, School of Engineering in Biomedical and Biotechnology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Fez 30000, MoroccoEuromed Research Center, School of Engineering in Biomedical and Biotechnology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Fez 30000, MoroccoA comprehensive review of advances in the synthesis and biological applications of enoxacin (1, referred to as ENX)-based compounds is presented. ENX, a second-generation fluoroquinolone (FQ), is a prominent 1,8-naphthyridine containing compounds studied in medicinal chemistry. Quinolones, a class of synthetic antibiotics, are crucial building blocks for designing multi-biological libraries due to their inhibitory properties against DNA replication. Chemical modifications at positions 3 and 7 of the quinolone structure can transform antibacterial FQs into anticancer analogs. ENX and its derivatives have been examined for various therapeutic applications, including anticancer, antiviral, and potential treatment against COVID-19. Several synthetic methodologies have been devised for the efficient and versatile synthesis of ENX and its derivatives. This review emphasizes all-inclusive developments in the synthesis of ENX derivatives, focusing on modifications at C3 (carboxylic acid, Part A), C7 (piperazinyl, Part B), and other modifications (Parts A and B). The reactions considered were chosen based on their reproducibility, ease of execution, accessibility, and the availability of the methodology reported in the literature. This review provides valuable insights into the medicinal properties of these compounds, highlighting their potential as therapeutic agents in various fields.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/11/1419antibacterialbiological activityanticancerenoxacinfluoroquinolonenaphthyridine
spellingShingle Garba Suleiman
Nabil El Brahmi
Gérald Guillaumet
Saïd El Kazzouli
Advances in the Synthesis and Biological Applications of Enoxacin-Based Compounds
Biomolecules
antibacterial
biological activity
anticancer
enoxacin
fluoroquinolone
naphthyridine
title Advances in the Synthesis and Biological Applications of Enoxacin-Based Compounds
title_full Advances in the Synthesis and Biological Applications of Enoxacin-Based Compounds
title_fullStr Advances in the Synthesis and Biological Applications of Enoxacin-Based Compounds
title_full_unstemmed Advances in the Synthesis and Biological Applications of Enoxacin-Based Compounds
title_short Advances in the Synthesis and Biological Applications of Enoxacin-Based Compounds
title_sort advances in the synthesis and biological applications of enoxacin based compounds
topic antibacterial
biological activity
anticancer
enoxacin
fluoroquinolone
naphthyridine
url https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/11/1419
work_keys_str_mv AT garbasuleiman advancesinthesynthesisandbiologicalapplicationsofenoxacinbasedcompounds
AT nabilelbrahmi advancesinthesynthesisandbiologicalapplicationsofenoxacinbasedcompounds
AT geraldguillaumet advancesinthesynthesisandbiologicalapplicationsofenoxacinbasedcompounds
AT saidelkazzouli advancesinthesynthesisandbiologicalapplicationsofenoxacinbasedcompounds