Bidirectional causality of physical exercise in retinal neuroprotection
Physical exercise is recognized as an effective intervention to improve mood, physical performance, and general well-being. It achieves these benefits through cellular and molecular mechanisms that promote the release of neuroprotective factors. Interestingly, reduced levels of physical exercise hav...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Neural Regeneration Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00942 |
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| author | Stephen K. Agadagba Suk-yu Yau Ying Liang Kristine Dalton Benjamin Thompson |
| author_facet | Stephen K. Agadagba Suk-yu Yau Ying Liang Kristine Dalton Benjamin Thompson |
| author_sort | Stephen K. Agadagba |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Physical exercise is recognized as an effective intervention to improve mood, physical performance, and general well-being. It achieves these benefits through cellular and molecular mechanisms that promote the release of neuroprotective factors. Interestingly, reduced levels of physical exercise have been implicated in several central nervous system diseases, including ocular disorders. Emerging evidence has suggested that physical exercise levels are significantly lower in individuals with ocular diseases such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, and diabetic retinopathy. Physical exercise may have a neuroprotective effect on the retina. Therefore, the association between reduced physical exercise and ocular diseases may involve a bidirectional causal relationship whereby visual impairment leads to reduced physical exercise and decreased exercise exacerbates the development of ocular disease. In this review, we summarize the evidence linking physical exercise to eye disease and identify potential mediators of physical exercise-induced retinal neuroprotection. Finally, we discuss future directions for preclinical and clinical research in exercise and eye health. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1bb4478235bb41569a63d21c0a6c4b36 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1673-5374 1876-7958 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Neural Regeneration Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-1bb4478235bb41569a63d21c0a6c4b362025-02-06T09:58:38ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsNeural Regeneration Research1673-53741876-79582025-12-0120123400341510.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00942Bidirectional causality of physical exercise in retinal neuroprotectionStephen K. AgadagbaSuk-yu YauYing LiangKristine DaltonBenjamin ThompsonPhysical exercise is recognized as an effective intervention to improve mood, physical performance, and general well-being. It achieves these benefits through cellular and molecular mechanisms that promote the release of neuroprotective factors. Interestingly, reduced levels of physical exercise have been implicated in several central nervous system diseases, including ocular disorders. Emerging evidence has suggested that physical exercise levels are significantly lower in individuals with ocular diseases such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, and diabetic retinopathy. Physical exercise may have a neuroprotective effect on the retina. Therefore, the association between reduced physical exercise and ocular diseases may involve a bidirectional causal relationship whereby visual impairment leads to reduced physical exercise and decreased exercise exacerbates the development of ocular disease. In this review, we summarize the evidence linking physical exercise to eye disease and identify potential mediators of physical exercise-induced retinal neuroprotection. Finally, we discuss future directions for preclinical and clinical research in exercise and eye health.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00942age-related macular degenerationbiomarkersdiabetic retinopathyglaucomaneuroprotective factorsocular diseasesphysical exerciseretinal neuroprotectionretinitis pigmentosavisual impairment |
| spellingShingle | Stephen K. Agadagba Suk-yu Yau Ying Liang Kristine Dalton Benjamin Thompson Bidirectional causality of physical exercise in retinal neuroprotection Neural Regeneration Research age-related macular degeneration biomarkers diabetic retinopathy glaucoma neuroprotective factors ocular diseases physical exercise retinal neuroprotection retinitis pigmentosa visual impairment |
| title | Bidirectional causality of physical exercise in retinal neuroprotection |
| title_full | Bidirectional causality of physical exercise in retinal neuroprotection |
| title_fullStr | Bidirectional causality of physical exercise in retinal neuroprotection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bidirectional causality of physical exercise in retinal neuroprotection |
| title_short | Bidirectional causality of physical exercise in retinal neuroprotection |
| title_sort | bidirectional causality of physical exercise in retinal neuroprotection |
| topic | age-related macular degeneration biomarkers diabetic retinopathy glaucoma neuroprotective factors ocular diseases physical exercise retinal neuroprotection retinitis pigmentosa visual impairment |
| url | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00942 |
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