Characterization and Development of Ceramics with Inorganic Additives

Date palm tree (DPT) and pine tree (PT) needles in forests form a combustible mat, posing fire risks during summer in Pakistan that damage vegetation, wildlife habitats, and biodiversity and impact local livelihoods. In this article, sintered ceramic specimens were prepared at different weight conce...

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Main Authors: Mirza Awais, Asif Mansoor, Imran Shah, Murtaza Hussain, Muhammad Asif
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Inventions
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5134/9/6/121
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author Mirza Awais
Asif Mansoor
Imran Shah
Murtaza Hussain
Muhammad Asif
author_facet Mirza Awais
Asif Mansoor
Imran Shah
Murtaza Hussain
Muhammad Asif
author_sort Mirza Awais
collection DOAJ
description Date palm tree (DPT) and pine tree (PT) needles in forests form a combustible mat, posing fire risks during summer in Pakistan that damage vegetation, wildlife habitats, and biodiversity and impact local livelihoods. In this article, sintered ceramic specimens were prepared at different weight concentrations (DPT5, DPT10, DPT20, and DPT 30 and PT5, PT10, PT20, and PT30) of date palm tree leaf ash and pine tree needle ash as secondary additives in ceramic manufacturing along with primary material kaolinite (China clay). Raw materials composition was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), taking loss on ignition, water absorption, bulk density, saturated surface dry density (SSD), weight per unit area, and thermal cycling as measurement indexes. The result indicates that loss on ignition increases while increasing the quantity of secondary additives and the maximum increase for DPT30 was 19.6% and for PT30, it was 22.1%. As the secondary additives increase, the water absorption rate also increases and the maximum increase for DPT30 and PT30 is 4.5%. Meanwhile, with the increase in secondary additives, the density decreased; for DPT 30, it was 1457.7 kg/m<sup>3</sup> and for PT30, it was 1829.8 kg/m<sup>3</sup>. Thermal performance was investigated by heating and cooling cycles. It was observed that thermal performances increase with the increase in secondary additives. The results reveal this novel approach has the potential to form a ceramic and good properties can be achieved. The prepared specimens have the potential to be used in the fields of electronics, aerospace, construction, and building engineering, alleviating environmental strain, curbing the exhaustion of China clay reserves, and most importantly, lowering the risk of forest fires in Pakistan.
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spelling doaj-art-1b9cc9f3882d47c285a37c1f21c6cd3f2024-12-27T14:31:36ZengMDPI AGInventions2411-51342024-12-019612110.3390/inventions9060121Characterization and Development of Ceramics with Inorganic AdditivesMirza Awais0Asif Mansoor1Imran Shah2Murtaza Hussain3Muhammad Asif4Department of Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Karachi 07548, PakistanDepartment of Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Karachi 07548, PakistanDepartment of Mechatronics Engineering, Air University, Islamabad 44000, PakistanDepartment of Engineering Sciences, National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Karachi 07548, PakistanDepartment of Engineering Sciences, National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Karachi 07548, PakistanDate palm tree (DPT) and pine tree (PT) needles in forests form a combustible mat, posing fire risks during summer in Pakistan that damage vegetation, wildlife habitats, and biodiversity and impact local livelihoods. In this article, sintered ceramic specimens were prepared at different weight concentrations (DPT5, DPT10, DPT20, and DPT 30 and PT5, PT10, PT20, and PT30) of date palm tree leaf ash and pine tree needle ash as secondary additives in ceramic manufacturing along with primary material kaolinite (China clay). Raw materials composition was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), taking loss on ignition, water absorption, bulk density, saturated surface dry density (SSD), weight per unit area, and thermal cycling as measurement indexes. The result indicates that loss on ignition increases while increasing the quantity of secondary additives and the maximum increase for DPT30 was 19.6% and for PT30, it was 22.1%. As the secondary additives increase, the water absorption rate also increases and the maximum increase for DPT30 and PT30 is 4.5%. Meanwhile, with the increase in secondary additives, the density decreased; for DPT 30, it was 1457.7 kg/m<sup>3</sup> and for PT30, it was 1829.8 kg/m<sup>3</sup>. Thermal performance was investigated by heating and cooling cycles. It was observed that thermal performances increase with the increase in secondary additives. The results reveal this novel approach has the potential to form a ceramic and good properties can be achieved. The prepared specimens have the potential to be used in the fields of electronics, aerospace, construction, and building engineering, alleviating environmental strain, curbing the exhaustion of China clay reserves, and most importantly, lowering the risk of forest fires in Pakistan.https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5134/9/6/121inorganic wasteceramic propertiesdate palm tree ashpine tree needle ashmicroscopic characteristics
spellingShingle Mirza Awais
Asif Mansoor
Imran Shah
Murtaza Hussain
Muhammad Asif
Characterization and Development of Ceramics with Inorganic Additives
Inventions
inorganic waste
ceramic properties
date palm tree ash
pine tree needle ash
microscopic characteristics
title Characterization and Development of Ceramics with Inorganic Additives
title_full Characterization and Development of Ceramics with Inorganic Additives
title_fullStr Characterization and Development of Ceramics with Inorganic Additives
title_full_unstemmed Characterization and Development of Ceramics with Inorganic Additives
title_short Characterization and Development of Ceramics with Inorganic Additives
title_sort characterization and development of ceramics with inorganic additives
topic inorganic waste
ceramic properties
date palm tree ash
pine tree needle ash
microscopic characteristics
url https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5134/9/6/121
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AT asifmansoor characterizationanddevelopmentofceramicswithinorganicadditives
AT imranshah characterizationanddevelopmentofceramicswithinorganicadditives
AT murtazahussain characterizationanddevelopmentofceramicswithinorganicadditives
AT muhammadasif characterizationanddevelopmentofceramicswithinorganicadditives