Vitamin K deficiency bleeding in children with cholestatic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Vitamin K deficiency (VKD) in cholestatic liver disease affects up to 23% of pediatric patients. While several vitamin K (VK) prophylaxis regimens have been proposed, optimal therapeutic strategies remain undefined. The study aimed to identify the most effective VK prophylaxis for children with chol...

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Main Authors: Anusak Sakwit, Pongpak Pongphitcha, Patcharee Komvilaisak, Masayuki Ochiai, Daijiro Takahashi, Shutaro Suga, Ampaiwan Chuansumrit, Marisol Betensky, Stephen P. Pereira, Amber Afzal, C. Heleen van Ommen, Neil Goldenberg, Sasivimol Rattanasiri, Nongnuch Sirachainan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2475037925001712
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Summary:Vitamin K deficiency (VKD) in cholestatic liver disease affects up to 23% of pediatric patients. While several vitamin K (VK) prophylaxis regimens have been proposed, optimal therapeutic strategies remain undefined. The study aimed to identify the most effective VK prophylaxis for children with cholestatic liver disease. We conducted a systematic review of articles focusing on studies of children aged <18 years with cholestatic liver disease who reported outcomes of either VKD or vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) after VK prophylaxis. The articles were sourced from PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. A meta-analysis was performed to determine the prevalence of VKD and the efficacy of each prophylactic protocol in preventing VKD/VKDB. The study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD 42021270048). Of the 889 articles, 37 were selected (2 comparative studies, 6 noncomparative studies, and 29 case reports/series). The results from the comparative studies indicated a lower incidence of VKD in the parenteral than that in the oral VK. The meta-analysis of the noncomparative studies showed the prevalence of VKD in high prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence-II group was 56% (95% CI, 45%-68%; I2 = 0.0%; H2 = 1.0; Q test: χ2 = 1.93; P = .38) and a prevalence of VKD in abnormal coagulation test was 10% (95% CI, 5%-14%; I2 = 0%, H2 = 1.0; Q test: χ2 = 0.82; P = .66), respectively. Among the 3 administrative routes, the analysis from case reports/series showed the median onset of VKDB in cholestatic infants was the earliest in the oral (44.5 days; IQR, 13.0-240.0 days) compared with intramuscular (86.0 days; IQR, 36.0-120.0) and intravenous routes and intravenous (97.0 days; IQR, 74.0-120.0 days) VK prophylaxis. Available studies to determine the optimal route of VK administration in children with cholestatic liver disease were limited. The result from the review indicated that parenteral VK demonstrated a noticeable advantage over oral VK for VKD/VKDB prevention in cholestatic children.
ISSN:2475-0379