XENOTRANSPLANTATION
Xenotransplantation is propounded as a viable solution to address the severe organ shortage. Pigs are a likely source of organs. However, there are immunological and non-immunological challenges that need to be addressed. A primary initial concern was hyperacute rejections. The advances in genetic e...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Indian Journal of Kidney Diseases |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/2950-0761.377980 |
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| author | Kapil Navin Sejpal PS Priyamvada |
| author_facet | Kapil Navin Sejpal PS Priyamvada |
| author_sort | Kapil Navin Sejpal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Xenotransplantation is propounded as a viable solution to address the severe organ shortage. Pigs are a likely source of organs. However, there are immunological and non-immunological challenges that need to be addressed. A primary initial concern was hyperacute rejections. The advances in genetic engineering have permitted the production of genetically modified pigs, removing the multiple carbohydrate antigens responsible for vascular rejections. Triple Knock Out (TKO)animals with genes knocked out for the carbohydrate antigens galactose-α1,3-galactose (α-gal), N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) and the SDa blood group has helped in overcoming hyperacute rejections. Human transgenes for inflammatory mediators, coagulation components, and complements are added to TKO animals to improve graft outcomes. Xenotransplantation is now rapidly moving from bench to the bedside. In 2021, three porcine kidneys were successfully transplanted to brain dead recipients. Early 2022 witnessed the first successful pig heart transplant to a live human host. Experimental data on cellular rejections in xenografts is minimal. The long term hemodynamic compatibility and function of xenografts in humans remain unknown. With the current developments, more human data on xenotransplantation will likely emerge. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1b981035dcae400eb3d5e9e6ee052d4b |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2950-0761 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Indian Journal of Kidney Diseases |
| spelling | doaj-art-1b981035dcae400eb3d5e9e6ee052d4b2025-08-20T02:30:34ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsIndian Journal of Kidney Diseases2950-07612022-01-0111131910.4103/2950-0761.377980XENOTRANSPLANTATIONKapil Navin SejpalPS PriyamvadaXenotransplantation is propounded as a viable solution to address the severe organ shortage. Pigs are a likely source of organs. However, there are immunological and non-immunological challenges that need to be addressed. A primary initial concern was hyperacute rejections. The advances in genetic engineering have permitted the production of genetically modified pigs, removing the multiple carbohydrate antigens responsible for vascular rejections. Triple Knock Out (TKO)animals with genes knocked out for the carbohydrate antigens galactose-α1,3-galactose (α-gal), N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) and the SDa blood group has helped in overcoming hyperacute rejections. Human transgenes for inflammatory mediators, coagulation components, and complements are added to TKO animals to improve graft outcomes. Xenotransplantation is now rapidly moving from bench to the bedside. In 2021, three porcine kidneys were successfully transplanted to brain dead recipients. Early 2022 witnessed the first successful pig heart transplant to a live human host. Experimental data on cellular rejections in xenografts is minimal. The long term hemodynamic compatibility and function of xenografts in humans remain unknown. With the current developments, more human data on xenotransplantation will likely emerge.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/2950-0761.377980xenograftpig -to-human transplantalpha 13-galactosyl transferasehyperacute rejection |
| spellingShingle | Kapil Navin Sejpal PS Priyamvada XENOTRANSPLANTATION Indian Journal of Kidney Diseases xenograft pig -to-human transplant alpha 1 3-galactosyl transferase hyperacute rejection |
| title | XENOTRANSPLANTATION |
| title_full | XENOTRANSPLANTATION |
| title_fullStr | XENOTRANSPLANTATION |
| title_full_unstemmed | XENOTRANSPLANTATION |
| title_short | XENOTRANSPLANTATION |
| title_sort | xenotransplantation |
| topic | xenograft pig -to-human transplant alpha 1 3-galactosyl transferase hyperacute rejection |
| url | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/2950-0761.377980 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kapilnavinsejpal xenotransplantation AT pspriyamvada xenotransplantation |