Phase demodulation of hybrid 3×3 coupler and Sagnac interferometer for φ-OTDR
A hybrid phase demodulation structure combining a 3 × 3 coupler and Sagnac interferometer is proposed to improve the spatial resolution and phase demodulation performance of the phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer (φ-OTDR). Through: (1) identical optical path lengths in forward/reverse...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1609493/full |
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| author | Binyuan Yang Binyuan Yang Tingyu Wang Jianzhong Zhang Jianzhong Zhang Zhe Ma Zhe Ma Xiang He Xiang He Lipu Liu Lipu Liu Yixuan Wang Yixuan Wang Mingjiang Zhang Mingjiang Zhang |
| author_facet | Binyuan Yang Binyuan Yang Tingyu Wang Jianzhong Zhang Jianzhong Zhang Zhe Ma Zhe Ma Xiang He Xiang He Lipu Liu Lipu Liu Yixuan Wang Yixuan Wang Mingjiang Zhang Mingjiang Zhang |
| author_sort | Binyuan Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A hybrid phase demodulation structure combining a 3 × 3 coupler and Sagnac interferometer is proposed to improve the spatial resolution and phase demodulation performance of the phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer (φ-OTDR). Through: (1) identical optical path lengths in forward/reverse Sagnac paths resolving spatial resolution degradation caused by optical path differences in conventional schemes (e.g., 3 × 3 demodulation with unbalanced Michelson or Mach-Zehnder interferometers), and (2) SOA integration dynamically adjusting phase difference between paths to enhance signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of three output signals, this design achieves high phase demodulation quality. Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the performance enhancement effect of this structure has been verified. The results indicate that the SOA modulates the phase offset of the three output signals, significantly improving the phase demodulation quality and extending the amplitude and frequency response range of the system. Compared with the positioning results achieved by the unbalanced Michelson scheme, this method offers higher spatial resolution. Fundamentally, the structure eliminates path-imbalance limitations via Sagnac symmetry while SOA-driven SNR enhancement ensures robust performance. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1b8a590e3a90450cb0356b3fea62c7ee |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-424X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physics |
| spelling | doaj-art-1b8a590e3a90450cb0356b3fea62c7ee2025-08-20T03:33:22ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physics2296-424X2025-07-011310.3389/fphy.2025.16094931609493Phase demodulation of hybrid 3×3 coupler and Sagnac interferometer for φ-OTDRBinyuan Yang0Binyuan Yang1Tingyu Wang2Jianzhong Zhang3Jianzhong Zhang4Zhe Ma5Zhe Ma6Xiang He7Xiang He8Lipu Liu9Lipu Liu10Yixuan Wang11Yixuan Wang12Mingjiang Zhang13Mingjiang Zhang14Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems (Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province), Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, ChinaDepartment of Physics, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaKey Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems (Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province), Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, ChinaKey Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems (Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province), Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, ChinaKey Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems (Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province), Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, ChinaKey Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems (Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province), Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, ChinaKey Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems (Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province), Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, ChinaKey Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems (Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province), Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, ChinaCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, ChinaA hybrid phase demodulation structure combining a 3 × 3 coupler and Sagnac interferometer is proposed to improve the spatial resolution and phase demodulation performance of the phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer (φ-OTDR). Through: (1) identical optical path lengths in forward/reverse Sagnac paths resolving spatial resolution degradation caused by optical path differences in conventional schemes (e.g., 3 × 3 demodulation with unbalanced Michelson or Mach-Zehnder interferometers), and (2) SOA integration dynamically adjusting phase difference between paths to enhance signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of three output signals, this design achieves high phase demodulation quality. Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the performance enhancement effect of this structure has been verified. The results indicate that the SOA modulates the phase offset of the three output signals, significantly improving the phase demodulation quality and extending the amplitude and frequency response range of the system. Compared with the positioning results achieved by the unbalanced Michelson scheme, this method offers higher spatial resolution. Fundamentally, the structure eliminates path-imbalance limitations via Sagnac symmetry while SOA-driven SNR enhancement ensures robust performance.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1609493/fulldistributed acoustic sensingSagnac interferometerspatial resolutionamplitudefrequency responsephase demodulation |
| spellingShingle | Binyuan Yang Binyuan Yang Tingyu Wang Jianzhong Zhang Jianzhong Zhang Zhe Ma Zhe Ma Xiang He Xiang He Lipu Liu Lipu Liu Yixuan Wang Yixuan Wang Mingjiang Zhang Mingjiang Zhang Phase demodulation of hybrid 3×3 coupler and Sagnac interferometer for φ-OTDR Frontiers in Physics distributed acoustic sensing Sagnac interferometer spatial resolution amplitudefrequency response phase demodulation |
| title | Phase demodulation of hybrid 3×3 coupler and Sagnac interferometer for φ-OTDR |
| title_full | Phase demodulation of hybrid 3×3 coupler and Sagnac interferometer for φ-OTDR |
| title_fullStr | Phase demodulation of hybrid 3×3 coupler and Sagnac interferometer for φ-OTDR |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phase demodulation of hybrid 3×3 coupler and Sagnac interferometer for φ-OTDR |
| title_short | Phase demodulation of hybrid 3×3 coupler and Sagnac interferometer for φ-OTDR |
| title_sort | phase demodulation of hybrid 3 3 coupler and sagnac interferometer for φ otdr |
| topic | distributed acoustic sensing Sagnac interferometer spatial resolution amplitudefrequency response phase demodulation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1609493/full |
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