Verification of Interaction Between Cl<sup>−</sup> Erosion and Carbonation in Marine Concrete
Marine concrete frequently experiences performance degradation due to the combined effects of chloride ion (Cl<sup>−</sup>) erosion and carbonation. While many studies have examined the separate effects of Cl<sup>−</sup> erosion and carbonation, their combined impact on concr...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/1/97 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832588182213885952 |
|---|---|
| author | Maohua Zhang Lin Du Ronghua Xu |
| author_facet | Maohua Zhang Lin Du Ronghua Xu |
| author_sort | Maohua Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Marine concrete frequently experiences performance degradation due to the combined effects of chloride ion (Cl<sup>−</sup>) erosion and carbonation. While many studies have examined the separate effects of Cl<sup>−</sup> erosion and carbonation, their combined impact on concrete is still debated. Investigating the interaction mechanisms between Cl<sup>−</sup> erosion and carbonation is crucial for improving the durability of concrete structures. This study utilizes a method where concrete specimens are immersed in artificial seawater with NaCl concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% prior to carbonation, with carbonation depth serving as a key indicator for analyzing the impact of Cl<sup>−</sup> erosion on carbonation. Both carbonation-treated and standard concrete specimens are immersed in 5% artificial seawater to evaluate the impact of carbonation on chloride erosion, with the free chloride content in the concrete serving as the assessment criterion. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is employed to examine the microstructure of the concrete, elucidating the interplay between Cl<sup>−</sup> erosion and carbonation. This study reveals that (1) Cl<sup>−</sup> erosion hinders concrete carbonation as NaCl crystals and Friedel’s salt in the pores limit CO<sub>2</sub> penetration, with this effect intensifying at higher artificial seawater concentrations; (2) carbonation has a dual impact on Cl<sup>−</sup> erosion: in fully carbonated areas, carbonation products block pores and restrict Cl<sup>−</sup> diffusion, while at the interface between carbonated and non-carbonated zones, carbonation depletes Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>, reducing Cl<sup>−</sup> binding capacity, increasing free Cl<sup>−</sup> content, and promoting Cl<sup>−</sup> diffusion. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1b5c27b2985c4408aa7863cecaee2919 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-1b5c27b2985c4408aa7863cecaee29192025-01-24T13:36:51ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122025-01-011319710.3390/jmse13010097Verification of Interaction Between Cl<sup>−</sup> Erosion and Carbonation in Marine ConcreteMaohua Zhang0Lin Du1Ronghua Xu2School of Future Cities, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaChina Railway Fifth Survey and Design Institute Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 102625, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, ChinaMarine concrete frequently experiences performance degradation due to the combined effects of chloride ion (Cl<sup>−</sup>) erosion and carbonation. While many studies have examined the separate effects of Cl<sup>−</sup> erosion and carbonation, their combined impact on concrete is still debated. Investigating the interaction mechanisms between Cl<sup>−</sup> erosion and carbonation is crucial for improving the durability of concrete structures. This study utilizes a method where concrete specimens are immersed in artificial seawater with NaCl concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% prior to carbonation, with carbonation depth serving as a key indicator for analyzing the impact of Cl<sup>−</sup> erosion on carbonation. Both carbonation-treated and standard concrete specimens are immersed in 5% artificial seawater to evaluate the impact of carbonation on chloride erosion, with the free chloride content in the concrete serving as the assessment criterion. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is employed to examine the microstructure of the concrete, elucidating the interplay between Cl<sup>−</sup> erosion and carbonation. This study reveals that (1) Cl<sup>−</sup> erosion hinders concrete carbonation as NaCl crystals and Friedel’s salt in the pores limit CO<sub>2</sub> penetration, with this effect intensifying at higher artificial seawater concentrations; (2) carbonation has a dual impact on Cl<sup>−</sup> erosion: in fully carbonated areas, carbonation products block pores and restrict Cl<sup>−</sup> diffusion, while at the interface between carbonated and non-carbonated zones, carbonation depletes Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>, reducing Cl<sup>−</sup> binding capacity, increasing free Cl<sup>−</sup> content, and promoting Cl<sup>−</sup> diffusion.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/1/97marine concretechloride erosioncarbonationmicroscopic analysiscombined effects |
| spellingShingle | Maohua Zhang Lin Du Ronghua Xu Verification of Interaction Between Cl<sup>−</sup> Erosion and Carbonation in Marine Concrete Journal of Marine Science and Engineering marine concrete chloride erosion carbonation microscopic analysis combined effects |
| title | Verification of Interaction Between Cl<sup>−</sup> Erosion and Carbonation in Marine Concrete |
| title_full | Verification of Interaction Between Cl<sup>−</sup> Erosion and Carbonation in Marine Concrete |
| title_fullStr | Verification of Interaction Between Cl<sup>−</sup> Erosion and Carbonation in Marine Concrete |
| title_full_unstemmed | Verification of Interaction Between Cl<sup>−</sup> Erosion and Carbonation in Marine Concrete |
| title_short | Verification of Interaction Between Cl<sup>−</sup> Erosion and Carbonation in Marine Concrete |
| title_sort | verification of interaction between cl sup sup erosion and carbonation in marine concrete |
| topic | marine concrete chloride erosion carbonation microscopic analysis combined effects |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/1/97 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT maohuazhang verificationofinteractionbetweenclsupsuperosionandcarbonationinmarineconcrete AT lindu verificationofinteractionbetweenclsupsuperosionandcarbonationinmarineconcrete AT ronghuaxu verificationofinteractionbetweenclsupsuperosionandcarbonationinmarineconcrete |