The Multi-Branch Deep-Learning-Based Approach to Heart Dysfunction Classification

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which remain globally one of the most common causes of death, are usually diagnosed based on the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. To support human experts, modern deep-learning models are used for CVD classification problems as an early warning. This article proposes a...

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Main Authors: Krzysztof Hryniów, Bartosz Puszkarski, Marcin Iwanowski
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8765
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author Krzysztof Hryniów
Bartosz Puszkarski
Marcin Iwanowski
author_facet Krzysztof Hryniów
Bartosz Puszkarski
Marcin Iwanowski
author_sort Krzysztof Hryniów
collection DOAJ
description Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which remain globally one of the most common causes of death, are usually diagnosed based on the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. To support human experts, modern deep-learning models are used for CVD classification problems as an early warning. This article proposes a novel multi-branch architecture focused on processing various modalities of the ECG signal in parallel branches, replacing typical single-input architectures. Each branch is given separate input in the form of the raw signal, domain knowledge, the wavelet transform of the signal, or the signal with drift removed. The proposed method is based on deep-learning core models that can incorporate various modern neural networks. It was thoroughly tested on N-BEATS, LSTM, and GRU neural networks. The proposed architecture allows the retention of the speed of the neural network. At the same time, the combination of independently computed branches improves model performance, which finally exceeds the performance obtained by classical single-branch architectures.
format Article
id doaj-art-1b415e900ddb47f9800ffd0fe9a8394c
institution Kabale University
issn 2076-3417
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Applied Sciences
spelling doaj-art-1b415e900ddb47f9800ffd0fe9a8394c2025-08-20T03:36:34ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-08-011515876510.3390/app15158765The Multi-Branch Deep-Learning-Based Approach to Heart Dysfunction ClassificationKrzysztof Hryniów0Bartosz Puszkarski1Marcin Iwanowski2Control Division, Institute of Control and Industrial Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, PolandControl Division, Institute of Control and Industrial Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, PolandControl Division, Institute of Control and Industrial Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, PolandCardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which remain globally one of the most common causes of death, are usually diagnosed based on the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. To support human experts, modern deep-learning models are used for CVD classification problems as an early warning. This article proposes a novel multi-branch architecture focused on processing various modalities of the ECG signal in parallel branches, replacing typical single-input architectures. Each branch is given separate input in the form of the raw signal, domain knowledge, the wavelet transform of the signal, or the signal with drift removed. The proposed method is based on deep-learning core models that can incorporate various modern neural networks. It was thoroughly tested on N-BEATS, LSTM, and GRU neural networks. The proposed architecture allows the retention of the speed of the neural network. At the same time, the combination of independently computed branches improves model performance, which finally exceeds the performance obtained by classical single-branch architectures.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8765ECG classificationcardiovascular diseasesneural networkN-BEATSRNNGRU
spellingShingle Krzysztof Hryniów
Bartosz Puszkarski
Marcin Iwanowski
The Multi-Branch Deep-Learning-Based Approach to Heart Dysfunction Classification
Applied Sciences
ECG classification
cardiovascular diseases
neural network
N-BEATS
RNN
GRU
title The Multi-Branch Deep-Learning-Based Approach to Heart Dysfunction Classification
title_full The Multi-Branch Deep-Learning-Based Approach to Heart Dysfunction Classification
title_fullStr The Multi-Branch Deep-Learning-Based Approach to Heart Dysfunction Classification
title_full_unstemmed The Multi-Branch Deep-Learning-Based Approach to Heart Dysfunction Classification
title_short The Multi-Branch Deep-Learning-Based Approach to Heart Dysfunction Classification
title_sort multi branch deep learning based approach to heart dysfunction classification
topic ECG classification
cardiovascular diseases
neural network
N-BEATS
RNN
GRU
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8765
work_keys_str_mv AT krzysztofhryniow themultibranchdeeplearningbasedapproachtoheartdysfunctionclassification
AT bartoszpuszkarski themultibranchdeeplearningbasedapproachtoheartdysfunctionclassification
AT marciniwanowski themultibranchdeeplearningbasedapproachtoheartdysfunctionclassification
AT krzysztofhryniow multibranchdeeplearningbasedapproachtoheartdysfunctionclassification
AT bartoszpuszkarski multibranchdeeplearningbasedapproachtoheartdysfunctionclassification
AT marciniwanowski multibranchdeeplearningbasedapproachtoheartdysfunctionclassification