Axion interactions with domain and bubble walls

Abstract We show that interactions between axion-like particles (ALPs) and co-dimension one defects, such as phase-transition bubble walls and solitonic domain walls, can lead to important changes in the evolution of both walls and ALPs. The leading effect arises from the change in the ALP decay con...

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Main Authors: Isabel Garcia Garcia, Rudin Petrossian-Byrne
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of High Energy Physics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP04(2025)189
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author Isabel Garcia Garcia
Rudin Petrossian-Byrne
author_facet Isabel Garcia Garcia
Rudin Petrossian-Byrne
author_sort Isabel Garcia Garcia
collection DOAJ
description Abstract We show that interactions between axion-like particles (ALPs) and co-dimension one defects, such as phase-transition bubble walls and solitonic domain walls, can lead to important changes in the evolution of both walls and ALPs. The leading effect arises from the change in the ALP decay constant across the interface, which naturally follows from shift-symmetric interactions with the corresponding order parameter. Specifically, we show that for thin walls moving relativistically, an ALP background — such as e.g. axion dark matter — gives rise to a frictional force on the interface that is proportional to γ 2, with γ the Lorentz factor of the wall, and that this effect is present in both the oscillating and frozen axion regimes. We explore the broader consequences of this effect for bubble and domain walls in the early universe, and show that this source of friction can be present even in the absent of a conventional medium such as radiation or matter. Possible implications include modifications to the dynamics of bubble and domain walls and their corresponding gravitational wave signatures, as well as the generation of a dark radiation component of ALPs in the form of ultra-relativistic ‘axion shells’ with Lorentz factor γ shell ≃ 2γ 2 ≫ 1 that may remain relativistic until the present day.
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spelling doaj-art-1b350c63eba14aafaeecaee367ae22df2025-08-20T03:53:13ZengSpringerOpenJournal of High Energy Physics1029-84792025-04-012025413910.1007/JHEP04(2025)189Axion interactions with domain and bubble wallsIsabel Garcia Garcia0Rudin Petrossian-Byrne1Department of Physics, University of WashingtonAbdus Salam International center for Theoretical PhysicsAbstract We show that interactions between axion-like particles (ALPs) and co-dimension one defects, such as phase-transition bubble walls and solitonic domain walls, can lead to important changes in the evolution of both walls and ALPs. The leading effect arises from the change in the ALP decay constant across the interface, which naturally follows from shift-symmetric interactions with the corresponding order parameter. Specifically, we show that for thin walls moving relativistically, an ALP background — such as e.g. axion dark matter — gives rise to a frictional force on the interface that is proportional to γ 2, with γ the Lorentz factor of the wall, and that this effect is present in both the oscillating and frozen axion regimes. We explore the broader consequences of this effect for bubble and domain walls in the early universe, and show that this source of friction can be present even in the absent of a conventional medium such as radiation or matter. Possible implications include modifications to the dynamics of bubble and domain walls and their corresponding gravitational wave signatures, as well as the generation of a dark radiation component of ALPs in the form of ultra-relativistic ‘axion shells’ with Lorentz factor γ shell ≃ 2γ 2 ≫ 1 that may remain relativistic until the present day.https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP04(2025)189Axions and ALPsPhase Transitions in the Early Universe
spellingShingle Isabel Garcia Garcia
Rudin Petrossian-Byrne
Axion interactions with domain and bubble walls
Journal of High Energy Physics
Axions and ALPs
Phase Transitions in the Early Universe
title Axion interactions with domain and bubble walls
title_full Axion interactions with domain and bubble walls
title_fullStr Axion interactions with domain and bubble walls
title_full_unstemmed Axion interactions with domain and bubble walls
title_short Axion interactions with domain and bubble walls
title_sort axion interactions with domain and bubble walls
topic Axions and ALPs
Phase Transitions in the Early Universe
url https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP04(2025)189
work_keys_str_mv AT isabelgarciagarcia axioninteractionswithdomainandbubblewalls
AT rudinpetrossianbyrne axioninteractionswithdomainandbubblewalls