Synergistic Signal Amplification via Weak Value Amplification Effect and Sandwich Structure for Highly Sensitive and Specific Real-Time Detection of CA125

Biomolecule detection is pivotal in disease diagnosis. In this study, we present a novel aptamer–antibody sandwich module integrated with an imaging weak measurement system to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of biomolecule detection. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated using CA1...

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Main Authors: Bei Wang, Yang Xu, Han Li, Zishuo Song, Tian Guan, Yonghong He
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Biosensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/5/268
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author Bei Wang
Yang Xu
Han Li
Zishuo Song
Tian Guan
Yonghong He
author_facet Bei Wang
Yang Xu
Han Li
Zishuo Song
Tian Guan
Yonghong He
author_sort Bei Wang
collection DOAJ
description Biomolecule detection is pivotal in disease diagnosis. In this study, we present a novel aptamer–antibody sandwich module integrated with an imaging weak measurement system to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of biomolecule detection. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated using CA125. CA125 is a glycoprotein tumor marker widely used for ovarian cancer diagnosis and monitoring, with its level changes closely associated with disease progression. Given its clinical significance, developing highly sensitive and specific CA125 detection methods is crucial for precision medicine. The dual-recognition mechanism combines the high affinity of aptamers and the specificity of antibodies, significantly improving detection performance while utilizing antibodies for signal amplification. In the presence of CA125, the anti-CA125 aptamer immobilized on the chip surface captures the target, which is then specifically bound by the CA125 antibody, forming the aptamer–CA125–antibody complex. This interaction induces a change in the refractive index of the chip surface, which is detected by the imaging weak measurement system and ultimately manifested as a variation in light intensity in the resulting images. The method achieves the highly sensitive detection of CA125 in the 0.01 mU/mL range to 100 U/mL, with preliminary results showing a detection resolution of 3.98 μU/mL and high specificity against non-target proteins. Additionally, detecting CA125 in serum samples further validates the feasibility of the method’s applicability in complex biological matrices. The proposed method offers significant advantages, including high sensitivity, high specificity, label-free, multiplexed detection, low cost, and real-time detection, making it a promising platform for bio-molecule detection with a wide range of applications.
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spelling doaj-art-1b1e392de5f447029185aefb692fcb442025-08-20T03:14:32ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742025-04-0115526810.3390/bios15050268Synergistic Signal Amplification via Weak Value Amplification Effect and Sandwich Structure for Highly Sensitive and Specific Real-Time Detection of CA125Bei Wang0Yang Xu1Han Li2Zishuo Song3Tian Guan4Yonghong He5Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, ChinaShenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaShenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaShenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaShenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaBiomolecule detection is pivotal in disease diagnosis. In this study, we present a novel aptamer–antibody sandwich module integrated with an imaging weak measurement system to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of biomolecule detection. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated using CA125. CA125 is a glycoprotein tumor marker widely used for ovarian cancer diagnosis and monitoring, with its level changes closely associated with disease progression. Given its clinical significance, developing highly sensitive and specific CA125 detection methods is crucial for precision medicine. The dual-recognition mechanism combines the high affinity of aptamers and the specificity of antibodies, significantly improving detection performance while utilizing antibodies for signal amplification. In the presence of CA125, the anti-CA125 aptamer immobilized on the chip surface captures the target, which is then specifically bound by the CA125 antibody, forming the aptamer–CA125–antibody complex. This interaction induces a change in the refractive index of the chip surface, which is detected by the imaging weak measurement system and ultimately manifested as a variation in light intensity in the resulting images. The method achieves the highly sensitive detection of CA125 in the 0.01 mU/mL range to 100 U/mL, with preliminary results showing a detection resolution of 3.98 μU/mL and high specificity against non-target proteins. Additionally, detecting CA125 in serum samples further validates the feasibility of the method’s applicability in complex biological matrices. The proposed method offers significant advantages, including high sensitivity, high specificity, label-free, multiplexed detection, low cost, and real-time detection, making it a promising platform for bio-molecule detection with a wide range of applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/5/268aptamerantibodysandwich structureweak value amplificationsignal amplification
spellingShingle Bei Wang
Yang Xu
Han Li
Zishuo Song
Tian Guan
Yonghong He
Synergistic Signal Amplification via Weak Value Amplification Effect and Sandwich Structure for Highly Sensitive and Specific Real-Time Detection of CA125
Biosensors
aptamer
antibody
sandwich structure
weak value amplification
signal amplification
title Synergistic Signal Amplification via Weak Value Amplification Effect and Sandwich Structure for Highly Sensitive and Specific Real-Time Detection of CA125
title_full Synergistic Signal Amplification via Weak Value Amplification Effect and Sandwich Structure for Highly Sensitive and Specific Real-Time Detection of CA125
title_fullStr Synergistic Signal Amplification via Weak Value Amplification Effect and Sandwich Structure for Highly Sensitive and Specific Real-Time Detection of CA125
title_full_unstemmed Synergistic Signal Amplification via Weak Value Amplification Effect and Sandwich Structure for Highly Sensitive and Specific Real-Time Detection of CA125
title_short Synergistic Signal Amplification via Weak Value Amplification Effect and Sandwich Structure for Highly Sensitive and Specific Real-Time Detection of CA125
title_sort synergistic signal amplification via weak value amplification effect and sandwich structure for highly sensitive and specific real time detection of ca125
topic aptamer
antibody
sandwich structure
weak value amplification
signal amplification
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/5/268
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