Impact of smoking and opium cessation on gastrointestinal cancer risk: A 15-year longitudinal study in Golestan Cohort
Abstract Smoking and opium use are risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers, yet the extent to which cessation reduces cancer risk remains unclear, particularly in non-Western populations. This study analyzed data from the Golestan Cohort Study in northeastern Iran, comprising 50,045 adults aged 40...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06783-3 |
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| author | Masoume Mansouri Ali Sheidaei Hossein Poustchi Gholamreza Roshandel Reza Malekzadeh Akram Pourshams Sadaf G. Sepanlou |
| author_facet | Masoume Mansouri Ali Sheidaei Hossein Poustchi Gholamreza Roshandel Reza Malekzadeh Akram Pourshams Sadaf G. Sepanlou |
| author_sort | Masoume Mansouri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Smoking and opium use are risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers, yet the extent to which cessation reduces cancer risk remains unclear, particularly in non-Western populations. This study analyzed data from the Golestan Cohort Study in northeastern Iran, comprising 50,045 adults aged 40–75 years followed for a median of 15 years. Participants were classified into never-users, current smokers or recent quitters (less than 5 years), and long-term quitters (more than 5 years). For esophageal cancer, long-term quitters demonstrated substantial risk reductions (HR for smoking: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.47–0.99; HR for opium: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.12–0.90), while current users and recent quitters of both smoking and opium indicated increased risks (HR for smoking: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.14–2.07; HR for opium: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.20–1.88). For stomach cancer, long-term smoking quitters showed a protective effect, with a 35% risk reduction though no significant risk reduction was observed for long-term opium cessation. For pancreatic cancer no significant risk reduction was noted among long-term quitters. This study highlights that cessation of smoking or opium use for more than 5 years can reduce the risk of esophageal cancer, while risk reduction for other types of gastrointestinal cancers requires longer cessation duration. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-1b1da8a1d49443e2bfb1a54d865de7792025-08-20T03:03:40ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-06783-3Impact of smoking and opium cessation on gastrointestinal cancer risk: A 15-year longitudinal study in Golestan CohortMasoume Mansouri0Ali Sheidaei1Hossein Poustchi2Gholamreza Roshandel3Reza Malekzadeh4Akram Pourshams5Sadaf G. Sepanlou6Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati HospitalDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical SciencesDigestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati HospitalGolestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical SciencesDigestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati HospitalDigestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati HospitalDigestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati HospitalAbstract Smoking and opium use are risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers, yet the extent to which cessation reduces cancer risk remains unclear, particularly in non-Western populations. This study analyzed data from the Golestan Cohort Study in northeastern Iran, comprising 50,045 adults aged 40–75 years followed for a median of 15 years. Participants were classified into never-users, current smokers or recent quitters (less than 5 years), and long-term quitters (more than 5 years). For esophageal cancer, long-term quitters demonstrated substantial risk reductions (HR for smoking: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.47–0.99; HR for opium: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.12–0.90), while current users and recent quitters of both smoking and opium indicated increased risks (HR for smoking: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.14–2.07; HR for opium: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.20–1.88). For stomach cancer, long-term smoking quitters showed a protective effect, with a 35% risk reduction though no significant risk reduction was observed for long-term opium cessation. For pancreatic cancer no significant risk reduction was noted among long-term quitters. This study highlights that cessation of smoking or opium use for more than 5 years can reduce the risk of esophageal cancer, while risk reduction for other types of gastrointestinal cancers requires longer cessation duration.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06783-3Smoking cessationOpiumGastrointestinal neoplasmsRisk factorsCohort studies |
| spellingShingle | Masoume Mansouri Ali Sheidaei Hossein Poustchi Gholamreza Roshandel Reza Malekzadeh Akram Pourshams Sadaf G. Sepanlou Impact of smoking and opium cessation on gastrointestinal cancer risk: A 15-year longitudinal study in Golestan Cohort Scientific Reports Smoking cessation Opium Gastrointestinal neoplasms Risk factors Cohort studies |
| title | Impact of smoking and opium cessation on gastrointestinal cancer risk: A 15-year longitudinal study in Golestan Cohort |
| title_full | Impact of smoking and opium cessation on gastrointestinal cancer risk: A 15-year longitudinal study in Golestan Cohort |
| title_fullStr | Impact of smoking and opium cessation on gastrointestinal cancer risk: A 15-year longitudinal study in Golestan Cohort |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of smoking and opium cessation on gastrointestinal cancer risk: A 15-year longitudinal study in Golestan Cohort |
| title_short | Impact of smoking and opium cessation on gastrointestinal cancer risk: A 15-year longitudinal study in Golestan Cohort |
| title_sort | impact of smoking and opium cessation on gastrointestinal cancer risk a 15 year longitudinal study in golestan cohort |
| topic | Smoking cessation Opium Gastrointestinal neoplasms Risk factors Cohort studies |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06783-3 |
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