A Laboratory Protocol for Routine Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Beta-Lactams Antimicrobials in Horses and Dogs

<b>Background:</b> Although antibiotic resistance is a well-known issue in veterinary medicine, studies proposing real-time therapeutic monitoring (TDM) are lacking. The objective of the present study was to develop a simple and rapid protocol for the real-time therapeutic monitoring of...

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Main Authors: Anisa Bardhi, Aliai Lanci, Aurora Mannini, Carolina Castagnetti, Andrea Barbarossa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Antibiotics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/4/390
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author Anisa Bardhi
Aliai Lanci
Aurora Mannini
Carolina Castagnetti
Andrea Barbarossa
author_facet Anisa Bardhi
Aliai Lanci
Aurora Mannini
Carolina Castagnetti
Andrea Barbarossa
author_sort Anisa Bardhi
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background:</b> Although antibiotic resistance is a well-known issue in veterinary medicine, studies proposing real-time therapeutic monitoring (TDM) are lacking. The objective of the present study was to develop a simple and rapid protocol for the real-time therapeutic monitoring of antibiotics in horses and dogs. <b>Methods:</b> A reliable TDM protocol should encompass guidelines for the definition of plasma/serum collection time points, sample management by the clinical staff, transportation to the laboratory, and the availability of robust and swift analytical technologies. Ampicillin and sulbactam were quantified using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the plasma or serum of animals treated with ampicillin alone or combined with sulbactam. <b>Results:</b> The method was successfully applied to samples collected from animals hospitalized in our veterinary hospital and proved helpful in understanding the pharmacokinetics of this antibiotic in critically ill patients. <b>Conclusions:</b> Combined with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data, this approach enables PK/PD evaluations to support the development of personalized therapeutic strategies and optimized dosing regimens for animals.
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publisher MDPI AG
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series Antibiotics
spelling doaj-art-1b11126e6f9e42e2a802fa2d4165517c2025-08-20T02:17:25ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822025-04-0114439010.3390/antibiotics14040390A Laboratory Protocol for Routine Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Beta-Lactams Antimicrobials in Horses and DogsAnisa Bardhi0Aliai Lanci1Aurora Mannini2Carolina Castagnetti3Andrea Barbarossa4Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy<b>Background:</b> Although antibiotic resistance is a well-known issue in veterinary medicine, studies proposing real-time therapeutic monitoring (TDM) are lacking. The objective of the present study was to develop a simple and rapid protocol for the real-time therapeutic monitoring of antibiotics in horses and dogs. <b>Methods:</b> A reliable TDM protocol should encompass guidelines for the definition of plasma/serum collection time points, sample management by the clinical staff, transportation to the laboratory, and the availability of robust and swift analytical technologies. Ampicillin and sulbactam were quantified using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the plasma or serum of animals treated with ampicillin alone or combined with sulbactam. <b>Results:</b> The method was successfully applied to samples collected from animals hospitalized in our veterinary hospital and proved helpful in understanding the pharmacokinetics of this antibiotic in critically ill patients. <b>Conclusions:</b> Combined with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data, this approach enables PK/PD evaluations to support the development of personalized therapeutic strategies and optimized dosing regimens for animals.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/4/390therapeutic dosagebeta-lactamsampicillinsulbactamanimalsliquid chromatography
spellingShingle Anisa Bardhi
Aliai Lanci
Aurora Mannini
Carolina Castagnetti
Andrea Barbarossa
A Laboratory Protocol for Routine Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Beta-Lactams Antimicrobials in Horses and Dogs
Antibiotics
therapeutic dosage
beta-lactams
ampicillin
sulbactam
animals
liquid chromatography
title A Laboratory Protocol for Routine Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Beta-Lactams Antimicrobials in Horses and Dogs
title_full A Laboratory Protocol for Routine Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Beta-Lactams Antimicrobials in Horses and Dogs
title_fullStr A Laboratory Protocol for Routine Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Beta-Lactams Antimicrobials in Horses and Dogs
title_full_unstemmed A Laboratory Protocol for Routine Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Beta-Lactams Antimicrobials in Horses and Dogs
title_short A Laboratory Protocol for Routine Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Beta-Lactams Antimicrobials in Horses and Dogs
title_sort laboratory protocol for routine therapeutic drug monitoring of beta lactams antimicrobials in horses and dogs
topic therapeutic dosage
beta-lactams
ampicillin
sulbactam
animals
liquid chromatography
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/4/390
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