Diagnosis of epileptic seizure neurological condition using EEG signal: a multi-model algorithm

IntroductionAffecting millions of individuals worldwide, epilepsy is a neurological condition marked by repeated convulsions. Monitoring brain activity and identifying seizures depends much on electroencephalography (EEG). An essential step that may help clinicians identify and treat epileptic seizu...

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Main Authors: Mosleh Hmoud Al-Adhaileh, Sultan Ahmad, Alhasan A. Alharbi, Mohammed Alarfaj, Mukta Dhopeshwarkar, Theyazn H. H. Aldhyani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1577474/full
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author Mosleh Hmoud Al-Adhaileh
Mosleh Hmoud Al-Adhaileh
Sultan Ahmad
Alhasan A. Alharbi
Mohammed Alarfaj
Mohammed Alarfaj
Mukta Dhopeshwarkar
Theyazn H. H. Aldhyani
author_facet Mosleh Hmoud Al-Adhaileh
Mosleh Hmoud Al-Adhaileh
Sultan Ahmad
Alhasan A. Alharbi
Mohammed Alarfaj
Mohammed Alarfaj
Mukta Dhopeshwarkar
Theyazn H. H. Aldhyani
author_sort Mosleh Hmoud Al-Adhaileh
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionAffecting millions of individuals worldwide, epilepsy is a neurological condition marked by repeated convulsions. Monitoring brain activity and identifying seizures depends much on electroencephalography (EEG). An essential step that may help clinicians identify and treat epileptic seizures is the differentiation between epileptic and non-epileptic signals by use of epileptic seizure detection categorization.MethodsIn this work, we investigated Machine learning algorithms including Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and K-Nearest Neighbors, alongside advanced DL architectures such as Long Short-Term Memory networks and Long-term Recurrent Convolutional Networks for detecting epileptic seizures in terms of difficulties and procedures evolved depending on EEG data. The EEG data classification by applying ML and DL framework to improve the accuracy of seizure detection. The EEG dataset consisted of 102 patients (55 seizure and 47 non-seizure cases), and the data underwent comprehensive preprocessing, including noise removal, frequency band extraction, and data balancing using SMOTE to address class imbalance. Key features, including delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma bands, as well as spectral entropy, were extracted to aid in the classification process.ResultsA comparative analysis was conducted, resulting in high classification accuracy, with the Random Forest model achieving the best results at 99.9% accuracy.DiscussionThe study demonstrates the potential of EEG data for reliable seizure detection while emphasizing the need for further development of more practical and non-invasive monitoring systems for real-world applications.
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publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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spelling doaj-art-1b02cd6553be4925a92b9ed1fda2b4232025-08-20T02:32:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2025-05-011210.3389/fmed.2025.15774741577474Diagnosis of epileptic seizure neurological condition using EEG signal: a multi-model algorithmMosleh Hmoud Al-Adhaileh0Mosleh Hmoud Al-Adhaileh1Sultan Ahmad2Alhasan A. Alharbi3Mohammed Alarfaj4Mohammed Alarfaj5Mukta Dhopeshwarkar6Theyazn H. H. Aldhyani7King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDeanship of E-Learning and Information Technology, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Computer Science, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Computer Science, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, IndiaKing Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Computer Science, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, IndiaApplied College in Abqaiq, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi ArabiaIntroductionAffecting millions of individuals worldwide, epilepsy is a neurological condition marked by repeated convulsions. Monitoring brain activity and identifying seizures depends much on electroencephalography (EEG). An essential step that may help clinicians identify and treat epileptic seizures is the differentiation between epileptic and non-epileptic signals by use of epileptic seizure detection categorization.MethodsIn this work, we investigated Machine learning algorithms including Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and K-Nearest Neighbors, alongside advanced DL architectures such as Long Short-Term Memory networks and Long-term Recurrent Convolutional Networks for detecting epileptic seizures in terms of difficulties and procedures evolved depending on EEG data. The EEG data classification by applying ML and DL framework to improve the accuracy of seizure detection. The EEG dataset consisted of 102 patients (55 seizure and 47 non-seizure cases), and the data underwent comprehensive preprocessing, including noise removal, frequency band extraction, and data balancing using SMOTE to address class imbalance. Key features, including delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma bands, as well as spectral entropy, were extracted to aid in the classification process.ResultsA comparative analysis was conducted, resulting in high classification accuracy, with the Random Forest model achieving the best results at 99.9% accuracy.DiscussionThe study demonstrates the potential of EEG data for reliable seizure detection while emphasizing the need for further development of more practical and non-invasive monitoring systems for real-world applications.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1577474/fullelectroencephalographyEEG data classificationseizure detectionepilepsySMOTE
spellingShingle Mosleh Hmoud Al-Adhaileh
Mosleh Hmoud Al-Adhaileh
Sultan Ahmad
Alhasan A. Alharbi
Mohammed Alarfaj
Mohammed Alarfaj
Mukta Dhopeshwarkar
Theyazn H. H. Aldhyani
Diagnosis of epileptic seizure neurological condition using EEG signal: a multi-model algorithm
Frontiers in Medicine
electroencephalography
EEG data classification
seizure detection
epilepsy
SMOTE
title Diagnosis of epileptic seizure neurological condition using EEG signal: a multi-model algorithm
title_full Diagnosis of epileptic seizure neurological condition using EEG signal: a multi-model algorithm
title_fullStr Diagnosis of epileptic seizure neurological condition using EEG signal: a multi-model algorithm
title_full_unstemmed Diagnosis of epileptic seizure neurological condition using EEG signal: a multi-model algorithm
title_short Diagnosis of epileptic seizure neurological condition using EEG signal: a multi-model algorithm
title_sort diagnosis of epileptic seizure neurological condition using eeg signal a multi model algorithm
topic electroencephalography
EEG data classification
seizure detection
epilepsy
SMOTE
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1577474/full
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